ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2021
Prognostic role of gamma-glutamyl transferase in metastatic melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Subclinical cholestasis is a hallmark of gut dysbiosis causing resistance to cancer immunotherapy.Cancer cell · 2026Article
- Combined elevation of pre-treatment γ-glutamyltransferase and lactate dehydrogenase as independent prognosticator for metastatic renal cell carcinoma undergoing immune-based therapy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Prognostic Factors Analysis in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Receiving PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2026Article
- γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-catalyzed polymer-enzyme-drug conjugate enhances penetration and suppression in oral squamous cell carcinoma via transdermal application.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Prognostic potential of standard laboratory parameters in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer receiving first-line immunotherapy.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Whole Exome Sequencing of Intracranial Epidermoid Cysts Reveals Immune-Associated Mechanistic and Potential Targets.Cancers · 2024Article
- Presence of autoantibodies in serum does not impact the occurrence of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced hepatitis in a prospective cohort of cancer patients.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2022Observational
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13 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundHepatic immune-related adverse events (irAE) including elevated liver function tests (transaminases) occur in 1.4-22.3% of melanoma patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPI) and constitute a potentially serious toxicity that is challenging to treat. In contrast to the liver transaminases alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), only little is known about the frequency and impact of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) elevations.
methodsGGT determined prior to and during therapy of metastatic melanoma patients treated with ICPI were retrospectively assessed in two independent cohorts (PD-1: n = 218, Ipi + Nivo: n = 148). Overall survival (OS) and best objective response were analyzed according to baseline and immune-related GGT (irGGT) elevations during treatment.
resultsIn multivariate analysis, OS was reduced in patients with elevated baseline GGT (PD-1 group: hazard ratio [HR] 1.76, p = .0073; Ipi + Nivo group: HR 1.77, p = .032). Immune-related GGT elevation was recorded in 17% (PD-1 group) and 38.5% (Ipi + Nivo group). Of these patients, the majority (81 and 68%, respectively) had normal ALT and AST and showed no clinical signs of hepatotoxicity. Patients who experienced irGGT elevation had superior response (PD-1 group: odds ratio [OR] 3.57, p = .00072; Ipi + Nivo group: OR 1.74, p = .12) and OS (PD-1 group: HR 0.37, p = .0016; Ipi + Nivo group: HR 0.33, p = .00050).
conclusionsThe frequency of hepatic irAE is currently underestimated. The addition of the sensitive enzyme GGT to the laboratory panel before and during therapy with ICPI allows to detect two to three times more patients developing hepatic or hepatobiliary toxicity than known so far. Immune-related GGT elevations correlate with response and favorable survival. Precis for use in the Table of Contents The frequency of hepatotoxicity under immune checkpoint blockade is currently underestimated. We suggest the addition of gamma-glutamyl transferase to the laboratory panel in checkpoint inhibitor patients for the detection of hepatobiliary toxicity.
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