ArticleJournal of biomedical materials research. Part A2021
An in vitro assessment of the response of THP-1 macrophages to varying stiffness of a glycol-chitosan hydrogel for vocal fold tissue engineering applications.
Article in Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gelatin Methacrylate as a Mesenchymal Stem Cell Delivery Vehicle: Experimental and Semi-Quantitative Evaluation Under Metabolic Stress.Macromolecular bioscience · 2026Article
- Click-crosslinked nanogels integrated into 3D stem cell spheroids enhance regenerative function for swallowing muscle repair.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- A Human Vocal Fold Organ-On-Chip for Studying Platform-Dependent Mucosal Responses to Particulate Matter.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Bioprinting in Tissue Repair and Its ENT Applications.Polymers · 2026Review
- Molecular Biocompatibility Assessment of PETG Aligners After Processing by Laser or Milling.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- On the path to predicting immune responses in the lung: Modeling the pulmonary innate immune system at the air-liquid interface (ALI).European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences · 2023Review
- Dynamic Stimulations with Bioengineered Extracellular Matrix-Mimicking Hydrogels for Mechano Cell Reprogramming and Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- Chitosomes Loaded with Docetaxel as a Promising Drug Delivery System to Laryngeal Cancer Cells: An In Vitro Cytotoxic Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Unraveling the Relevance of Tissue-Specific Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels for Vocal Fold Regenerative Biomaterials: A Comprehensive Proteomic and In Vitro Study.Advanced nanobiomed research · 2023Article
- Recent Development of Functional Chitosan-Based Hydrogels for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Material matters: exploring the interplay between natural biomaterials and host immune system.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Engineering Surfaces with Immune Modulating Properties of Mucin Hydrogels.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2022Article
- Progress in Vocal Fold Regenerative Biomaterials: An Immunological Perspective.Advanced nanobiomed research · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The physical properties of a biomaterial play an essential role in regulating immune and reparative activities within the host tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the immunological impact of material stiffness of a glycol-chitosan hydrogel designed for vocal fold tissue engineering. Hydrogel stiffness was varied via the concentration of glyoxal cross-linker applied. Hydrogel mechanical properties were characterized through atomic force microscopy and shear plate rheometry. Using a transwell setup, macrophages were co-cultured with human vocal fold fibroblasts that were embedded within the hydrogel. Macrophage viability and cytokine secretion were evaluated at 3, 24, and 72 hr of culture. Flow cytometry was applied to evaluate macrophage cell surface markers after 72 hr of cell culture. Results indicated that increasing hydrogel stiffness was associated with increased anti-inflammatory activity compared to relevant controls. In addition, increased anti-inflammatory activity was observed in hydrogel co-cultures. This study highlighted the importance of hydrogel stiffness from an immunological viewpoint when designing novel vocal fold hydrogels.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.