SynthesisBJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology2021
The long-term effect of prenatal progesterone treatment on child development, behaviour and health: a systematic review.
Synthesis in BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Obstetric and neonatal outcomes after natural versus artificial cycle frozen embryo transfer and the role of luteal phase support: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Human reproduction update · 2023Pooled it
- The long-term effect of prenatal progesterone treatment on child development, behaviour and health: a systematic review.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2021Pooled it
- Prenatal 17-Alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate Exposure in Twins and Childhood Outcomes: 14-Year Follow-Up of a Randomised Trial.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Trial
- Prenatal exposure to vaginal progesterone for the prevention of preterm birth is not associated with abnormal psychopathological and cognitive profiles in dichorionic twins at 6 to 9 years of age: a follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2025Trial
- Progesterone Exposure in Pregnancy, Obstetric Stabilization, and Developmental Outcomes: A Focused Review of Direct and Indirect Pathways.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A transient epithelial plasticity state defines the developmental window for uterine gland specification.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Hormonal Crosstalk in Melasma: Unraveling the Dual Roles of Estrogen and Progesterone in Melanogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Effects of maternal exposure to exogenous progesterone during pregnancy on offspring neurodevelopment.BMC pediatrics · 2025Observational
- Timing of progesterone treatment to prevent preterm birth in pregnancies with a short cervix: A population-based historical cohort study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Exploring Progesterone Deficiency in First-Trimester Miscarriage and the Impact of Hormone Therapy on Foetal Development: A Scoping Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A Single Administration of Progesterone during the Neonatal Period Shows No Structural Changes in Male Reproductive Tracts in Mice.Acta histochemica et cytochemica · 2023Article
- Progesterone, cerclage, pessary, or acetylsalicylic acid for prevention of preterm birth in singleton and multifetal pregnancies - A systematic review and meta-analyses.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Preterm Birth Therapies to Target Inflammation.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Article
- Article
- FIGO good practice recommendations on progestogens for prevention of preterm delivery.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2021Article
- Prevention of Preterm Birth with Progesterone.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Article
- Early-Pregnancy Dydrogesterone Supplementation Mimicking Luteal-Phase Support in ART Patients Did Not Provoke Major Reproductive Disorders in Pregnant Mice and Their Progeny.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundProgesterone is widely used in prenatal care. However, long-term effects of prenatal progesterone treatment on child development are unclear.
objectivesTo evaluate long-term outcomes in children after prenatal progesterone treatment. SEARCH STRATEGY: MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to 24 May 2020. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reporting outcomes in children born to women who received progesterone treatment (compared with placebo or another intervention) during any trimester in pregnancy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently selected and extracted data. We used the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomised trials and Quality In Prognosis Studies. MAIN
resultsOf 388 papers, we included seven articles based on five RCTs, comprising 4222 measurements of children aged 6 months to 8 years. All studies compared progesterone to placebo in second and/or third trimester for the prevention of preterm birth. Meta-analysis (two studies, n = 890 children) showed no difference in neurodevelopment as assessed by the Bayley-III Cognitive Composite score at 2 years between children exposed to progesterone versus placebo (Standardised Mean Difference -0.04, 95% Confidence Interval -0.26 to 0.19), I
conclusionsOur systematic review comprising a multitude of developmental measurements with a broad age range did not find evidence of benefit or harm in offspring prenatally exposed to progesterone treatment for the prevention of preterm birth. We identified an urgent need for follow-up studies of prenatal progesterone administration in early pregnancy and effects in offspring beyond early childhood. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Progesterone to prevent preterm birth: no effect on child development. Outcomes after first trimester progesterone are unclear.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.