SynthesisCancer2021
Pain in long-term survivors of childhood cancer: A systematic review of the current state of knowledge and a call to action from the Children's Oncology Group.
Synthesis in Cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping and comparing the quality of life outcomes in childhood and adolescent and young adult cancer survivors: an umbrella review and future directions.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- Pain Predicts Next-Day Fatigue in Adolescents and Young Adults Receiving Maintenance Treatment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.Journal of adolescent and young adult oncology · 2026Article
- Opioid limiting law and opioid prescriptions among Medicaid-enrolled survivors of childhood cancer.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Fatigue after pediatric bone sarcoma: prevalence and associated factors in pediatric and adult patients and survivors after treatment.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026Article
- Neurocognitive impairment and substance use in adult survivors of childhood cancer: a cross-sectional analysis from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Pain and frailty progression in adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the St Jude Lifetime Cohort study.The lancet. Healthy longevity · 2026Article
- Chronic Cancer-Related Pain in Children: A Narrative Review of Multimodal and Family-Centered Palliative Care Approach.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Physical Therapy Surveillance in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Quality Improvement Initiative.Pediatric reports · 2026Article
- Childhood cancer survivors' struggle for social integration after treatment a mixed-methods exploration of activity and participation.PloS one · 2026Article
- Assessment and Non-pharmacological Management of Chronic Pain in Pediatric Cancer Survivors: Current Practices and Recommendations for Next Steps.Current pain and headache reports · 2025Review
- Acetaminophen and Acetaminophen-Opioid Combination Prescribing Trends Among Hospitalized Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Cancer.Pharmacological research. Reports · 2025Article
- Symptom burden, healthcare utilization, and risky behaviors in survivors of the childhood cancer survivor study (CCSS): an observation cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Understanding Pain and Quality of Life in Paediatric Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review with a Focus on Early Survivorship.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Prevalence and characteristics of neuropathic pain in adolescent survivors of childhood cancer.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2025Article
- Physical Activity and Childhood Cancer: Present Status and Future Directions.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2025Article
- Stress and influencing factor among children diagnosed with cancer at hospitals in Nepal: a cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- AI for chronic pain in children: a powerful resource.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Pain Assessment Tools for Infants, Children, and Adolescents With Cancer: Protocol for a Scoping Review.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Article
- Parental Reports on Late Effects and Follow-Up Needs: A Single-Center Assessment of Childhood Cancer Survivorship Care in Kenya.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Survivors of childhood cancer may be at risk of experiencing pain, and a systematic review would advance our understanding of pain in this population. The objective of this study was to describe: 1) the prevalence of pain in survivors of childhood cancer, 2) methods of pain measurement, 3) associations between pain and biopsychosocial factors, and 4) recommendations for future research. Data sources for the study were articles published from January 1990 to August 2019 identified in the PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Web of Science data bases. Eligible studies included: 1) original research, 2) quantitative assessments of pain, 3) articles published in English, 4) cancers diagnosed between birth and age 21 years, 5) survivors at 5 years from diagnosis and/or at 2 years after therapy completion, and 6) a sample size >20. Seventy-three articles were included in the final review. Risk of bias was considered using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The quality of evidence was evaluated according to Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Common measures of pain were items created by the authors for the purpose of the study (45.2%) or health-related quality-of-life/health status questionnaires (42.5%). Pain was present in from 4.3% to 75% of survivors across studies. Three studies investigated chronic pain according the definition in the International Classification of Diseases. The findings indicated that survivors of childhood cancer are at higher risk of experiencing pain compared with controls. Fatigue was consistently associated with pain, females reported more pain than males, and other factors related to pain will require stronger evidence. Theoretically grounded, multidimensional measurements of pain are absent from the literature.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.