ArticleBreast cancer research and treatment2021
Racial disparities in survival outcomes among breast cancer patients by molecular subtypes.
Article in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Racial Differences in Breast Cancer Survival Between Black and White Women According to Tumor Subtype: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Hearing/vestibular problems, racial differences, and associations with physical function impairment among breast cancer survivors.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2026Article
- Comparing endocrine therapy adherence across EHR and claims data by race and ethnicity, language, and insurance.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic Disparities in First-Line Treatment and Outcome Patterns in Women with HR+/HER2- Metastatic Breast Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Observational
- Medicaid Expansion and Overall Mortality Among Women With Breast Cancer.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Differences in breast cancer outcomes amongst Caribbean born women in Florida, USA-a population-based analysis.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Factors Associated With Fear of Cancer Recurrence in a Multiethnic Cohort of Patients With Breast Cancer.Psycho-oncology · 2025Article
- Radiomics Combined with Transcriptomics Improves Prediction of Breast Cancer Recurrence, Molecular Subtype and Grade.Cancers · 2025Article
- A registry-based approach for estimating county-level race disparities in breast cancer mortality: an analysis in Georgia.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Unraveling the role of stromal disruption in aggressive breast cancer etiology and outcomes.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Clinical Trial Discussion and Participation in a Breast Cancer Cohort by Race and Ethnicity.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Impact of Structural Racism and Social Determinants of Health on Disparities in Breast Cancer Mortality.Cancer research · 2024Review
- West African Genetic Ancestry and Breast Cancer Outcomes Among Black Women.JAMA network open · 2024Observational
- Predicting pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer using a machine learning approach.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2024Article
- Racial differences in familiarity, interest, and use of integrative medicine among patients with breast cancer.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Article
- Article
- Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Telemedicine Utilization and Satisfaction Among Breast Cancer Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Analysis.Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association · 2024Article
- Differential response to neoadjuvant endocrine therapy for Black/African American and White women in NCDB.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Article
- Race, Gene Expression Signatures, and Clinical Outcomes of Patients With High-Risk Early Breast Cancer.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- External Evaluation of a Mammography-based Deep Learning Model for Predicting Breast Cancer in an Ethnically Diverse Population.Radiology. Artificial intelligence · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeDifferences in tumor biology, genomic architecture, and health care delivery patterns contribute to the breast cancer mortality gap between White and Black patients in the US. Although this gap has been well documented in previous literature, it remains uncertain how large the actual effect size of race is for different survival outcomes and the four breast cancer subtypes.
methodsWe established a breast cancer patient cohort at the University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center. We chose five major survival outcomes to study: overall survival, recurrence-free survival, breast-cancer-specific survival, time-to-recurrence and post-recurrence survival. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios between Black and White patients, adjusting for selected patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics, and also stratified by the four breast cancer subtypes.
resultsThe study included 2795 stage I-III breast cancer patients (54% White and 38% Black). After adjusting for selected patient, tumor and treatment characteristics, Black patients still did worse than White patients in all five survival outcomes. The racial difference was highest within the HR-/HER2+ subgroup, in both overall survival (hazard ratio = 4.00, 95% CI 1.47-10.86) and recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio = 3.00, 95% CI 1.36-6.60), adjusting for age at diagnosis, cancer stage, and comorbidities. There was also a significant racial disparity within the HR+/HER2- group in both overall survival and recurrence-free survival.
conclusionsOur study confirmed that racial disparity existed between White and Black breast cancer patients in terms of both survival and recurrence, and found that this disparity was largest among HR-/HER2+ and HR+/HER2- patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.