ArticleJournal of clinical immunology2021
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Vaccine-associated Complications in Immunodeficient Patients Following Stem Cell Transplantation.
Article in Journal of clinical immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Central nervous system complications after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation: best practice recommendations from the EBMT practice harmonisation and guidelines committee on epidemiology, outcome and neuroimaging.Bone marrow transplantation · 2026Guideline
- Prevalence and Characteristics of Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infection in Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Pooled it
- BCG-Related Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome and Delayed Donor Chimerism After Allogeneic HSCT in TCase reports in immunology · 2026Article
- Rapidly Progressive Disseminated Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Infection (BCGitis) in a 3-Month-Old Infant Without Immunodeficiency: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2025Article
- Severe combined immunodeficiency with BCG-osis by salvage therapy with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: cases report and literature review.BMC pediatrics · 2025Review
- Unmasking Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in a Perinatal HIV Transmission-A Case Report.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) prostato-epididymitis in a patient treated for a non-invasive urothelial cancer: A case report.IDCases · 2024Article
- Granulomatous inflammation in inborn errors of immunity.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeBacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is a live attenuated vaccine with the potential of causing severe iatrogenic complications in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID) before and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We aim to investigate risk factors of post-HSCT BCG-related complications in PID patients.
methodsA retrospective analysis of pediatric PID patients who had received the BCG vaccine and underwent HSCT at Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, between 2007 and 2019.
resultsWe found 15/36 (41.67%) patients who developed post-HSCT BCG-related complications. The most significant risk factor for developing BCG-related complications was T cell deficiency (47.6% of the non-complicated vs 83.3% of the BCGitis and 100% of the BCGosis groups had T cell lymphopenia, p = 0.013). None of the chronic granulomatous patients developed BCG-related manifestation post-transplant. Among T cell-deficient patients, lower NK (127 vs 698 cells/μl, p = 0.04) cell counts and NK-SCID were risk factors for ongoing post-HSCT BCGosis, as was pretransplant disseminated BCGosis (33.3% of patients with BCGosis vs none of the non-BCGosis patients, p = 0.04). Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) was observed in 3/5 patients with Omenn syndrome. Prophylactic antimycobacterial treatment was not proven effective.
conclusionBCG vaccination can cause significant morbidity and mortality in the post-transplant T cell-deficient patient, especially in the presence of pre-transplant disease. Taking a detailed medical history prior to administering, the BCG vaccine is crucial for prevention of this complication.
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