ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2020
Club Drugs: Psychotropic Effects and Psychopathological Characteristics of a Sample of Inpatients.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Comprehensive Understanding of Psychomotor Agitation: From Causes to Hospital Care.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- Club Drugs and Psychiatric Outcomes: A Descriptive Case Series from Spain.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Common Denominators of Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis and Methamphetamine Abuse.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Epigenetic Studies for Evaluation of NPS Toxicity: Focus on Synthetic Cannabinoids and Cathinones.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Knowledge and Use of Novel Psychoactive Substances in an Italian Sample with Substance Use Disorders.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Akathisia after chronic usage of synthetic cathinones: A case study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Club Drug Use among Secondary Vocational Students in China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Club Drugs and Psychiatric Sequelae: An Issue of Vulnerability and Previous Psychiatric History.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Suicidal Behavior and Club Drugs in Young Adults.Brain sciences · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGrowing evidence supports the possibility of significant psychiatric consequences related to novel and traditional psychoactive substance consumption. The problem of differential diagnosis has hampered research on specific psychopathologies with unclear outcomes. The aim of our study was to report psychiatric and clinical features of subjects admitted to a psychiatric ward in Ibiza, Spain, with a clinical diagnosis of substance abuse or intoxication.
methodsA survey was administered to a sample of inpatients hospitalized due to psychiatric symptoms related to recent use of psychoactive substances. The questionnaire investigated sociodemographic factors, familiar and personal anamnesis, substance use habits, general and psychopathological features. Urine samples were collected and analyzed in a toxicology laboratory using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
resultsA total of 110 patients were included in the study. Most patients (70%) declared multiple substance use, and 33% of patients reported more than two substances; nevertheless, it was possible to identify 17 (15%) depressor users, 44 (40%) stimulant users and 49 (45%) psychodysleptics users. A positive association with a lifetime diagnosis of bipolar disorder was found (two-tailed Fisher's exact test: p = 0.013). Psychomotor agitation, reference, and paranoid delusions, affective symptoms, consciousness disorders, and aggressiveness represented some of the most frequent symptoms at entry evaluation.
conclusionsIn this study, we described the acute psychiatric presentations related to recreational drug use in subjects on holiday in Ibiza. The use of psychoactive substances was characterized by poly-use of both traditional and novel substances, with several psychopathological consequences. Future research should focus on a better understanding of the psychopathological effects of specific substances, defining signs and symptoms to help make a differential diagnosis and prospectively examine long-term effects.
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