ReviewCellular & molecular immunology2021
Antigen presentation, autoantibody production, and therapeutic targets in autoimmune liver disease.
Review in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Proteome-scale autoantibody profiling in PSC: Associations with clinical phenotypes and evidence for neuroendocrine deregulations.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Article
- Systemic Manifestations of Neonatal Lupus in an Infant Born to an Asymptomatic Mother: A Case Report of Anemia and Transaminitis.The American journal of case reports · 2026Article
- Genetic Variants in Liver Cirrhosis: Classifications, Mechanisms, and Implications for Clinical Practice.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Molecular mechanisms underlying T cell subset imbalance and precision therapeutic targets in primary biliary cholangitis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Extracellular matrix stiffness in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms and targeted therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- A lyophilizable LNP vaccine enables STING-reinforced postoperational adjuvant immunotherapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Exosomal non-coding RNAs: gatekeepers of inflammation in autoimmune disease.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2025Review
- A Closer Look into Autoimmune Liver Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Lipid Antigens: Revealing the Hidden Players in Adaptive Immune Responses.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Innate immunity of bile and cholangiocytes in primary biliary cholangitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Research progress and perspectives of non-coding RNAs in primary biliary cholangitis: from mechanisms to therapeutics.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Bimodal onset and pan-cancer uniformity of immune-mediated liver injury: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The origin of autoimmune diseases: is there a role for ancestral HLA-II haplotypes in immune hyperactivity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Causal Association Between Circulating Inflammatory Proteins and Autoimmune Liver Disease: a Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2025Article
- Rosacea and autoimmune liver diseases: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Archives of dermatological research · 2024Article
- Exploring the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Liver Diseases from the Heterogeneity of Target Cells.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2024Review
- Genetic association and causal relationship between multiple modifiable risk factors and autoimmune liver disease: a two-sample mendelian randomization study.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Cytokine IL-5 and HGF: combined prediction of non-/low immune response to hepatitis B vaccination at birth in infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The liver is an important immunological organ that controls systemic tolerance. The liver harbors professional and unconventional antigen-presenting cells that are crucial for tolerance induction and maintenance. Orchestrating the immune response in homeostasis depends on a healthy and well-toned immunological liver microenvironment, which is maintained by the crosstalk of liver-resident antigen-presenting cells and intrahepatic and liver-infiltrating leukocytes. In response to pathogens or autoantigens, tolerance is disrupted by unknown mechanisms. Intrahepatic parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells exhibit unique antigen-presenting properties. The presentation of microbial and endogenous lipid-, metabolite- and peptide-derived antigens from the gut via conventional and nonconventional mechanisms can educate intrahepatic immune cells and elicit effector responses or tolerance. Perturbation of this balance results in autoimmune liver diseases, such as autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Although the exact etiologies of these autoimmune liver diseases are unknown, it is thought that the disruption of tolerance towards self-antigens and microbial metabolites and lipids, as well as alterations in bile acid composition, may result in changes in effector cell activation and polarization and may reduce or impair protective anti-inflammatory regulatory T and B cell responses. Additionally, the canonical and noncanonical transmission of antigens and antigen:MHC complexes via trogocytosis or extracellular vesicles between different (non) immune cells in the liver may play a role in the induction of hepatic inflammation and tolerance. Here, we summarize emerging aspects of antigen presentation, autoantibody production, and the application of novel therapeutic approaches in the characterization and treatment of autoimmune liver diseases.
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