ArticleMenopause (New York, N.Y.)2020
Association of phthalate exposure and endogenous hormones with self-reported sleep disruptions: results from the Midlife Women's Health Study.
Article in Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is exposure to chemical pollutants associated with sleep outcomes? A systematic review.Sleep medicine reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Sleep Disruption in the Menopausal Transition and Postmenopause: A Narrative Review.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2026Article
- Cognitive behavioural therapeutics for insomnia symptoms in the perimenopause through to the early postmenopausal period.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Article
- Prenatal and Childhood Phthalate Mixtures and Adolescent Sleep Health in the HOME Study.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Article
- Moderating effects of insomnia on the association between urinary phthalate metabolites and depressive symptoms in Chinese college students: focus on gender differences.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Phthalates are detected in the follicular fluid of adolescents and oocyte donors with associated changes in the cumulus cell transcriptome.F&S science · 2025Article
- Association of Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Exposure with Reproductive Hormones in the General Population and the Susceptible Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Review
- Impact of Real-life Environmental Exposures on Reproduction: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals, reproductive aging, and menopause.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2024Review
- Association between phthalate exposure and sleep quality in pregnant women: Results from the Korean Children's Environmental Health Study with repeated assessment of exposure.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2024Article
- Article
- An influence of menopausal symptoms on mental health, emotion perception, and quality of life: a multi-faceted approach.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Cross-sectional associations between phthalates, phenols, and parabens with metabolic syndrome risk during early-to-mid adolescence among a cohort of Mexican youth.Environmental research · 2023Article
- Sleep Disturbances Across a Woman's Lifespan: What Is the Role of Reproductive Hormones?Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Review
- Urinary phthalates, phenols, and parabens in relation to sleep health markers among a cohort of Mexican adolescents.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Associations of individual and cumulative urinary phthalate and replacement biomarkers with gestational weight gain through late pregnancy.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Nocturnal Hot Flashes, but Not Serum Hormone Concentrations, as a Predictor of Insomnia in Menopausal Women: Results from the Midlife Women's Health Study.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2023Article
- Article
- The Effects of Environmental Contaminant Exposure on Reproductive Aging and the Menopause Transition.Current environmental health reports · 2022Review
- The Relationship Between Daily Dietary Intake of Fiber and Short Sleep Duration in the Presence of Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate: A Population-Based Study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveFollicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol (E2) have been associated with sleep in midlife women, however, few studies have examined the association of other hormones or environmental chemical exposure such as phthalates, with self-reported sleep quality. We assessed the relationship of self-reported sleep with hormones and phthalates.
methodsIn total, 762 women (aged 45-54 y, 459 premenopausal, and 303 perimenopausal) from the Midlife Women's Health Study answered self-reported questions regarding the frequency of sleep disturbances, insomnia, and restless sleep. Serum E2, progesterone, testosterone, serum hormone binding globulin, free E2 index, free testosterone index, E2:progesterone, and E2:testosterone were measured. Summary measures of phthalate mixtures, including the phthalates from plastic sources (sumPLASTIC), personal care products (sumPCP), di-(2-ethyhexyl) phthalate (sumDEHP), anti-androgenic phthalates (sumAA), and all phthalate metabolites measured (sumALL), were calculated from urinary phthalate metabolites. Ordinal logistic regression was used to fit each outcome sleep measure with all hormones and summary phthalates.
resultsProgesterone and testosterone were significantly negatively associated with the frequency of sleep disturbances and insomnia. Free testosterone index was also negatively associated with insomnia frequency. E2:progesterone was positively associated with frequency of sleep disturbances and restless sleep in self-reported nonsmokers. SumPCP and sumALL were significantly negatively associated with frequency of sleep disturbances, insomnia, and restless sleep. SumDEHP and sumPLASTIC were negatively associated with insomnia frequency. Further, the direction of association between phthalates and sleep appears to be dependent on the quartile of phthalate exposure. All significant associations between phthalates and sleep were in self-reported nonsmokers or former smokers.
conclusionsOur study supports previous literature that hormones beyond follicle-stimulating hormone and E2 are associated with sleep disruptions in menopause. Further, we are among the first to show that phthalate exposure is associated with sleep disruptions in midlife women.
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