ReviewSystematic reviews2020
Effect of vitamin A, calcium and vitamin D fortification and supplementation on nutritional status of women: an overview of systematic reviews.
Review in Systematic reviews, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of vitamin and multiple micronutrient supplementation for pregnant and/or lactating women on maternal and infant nutritional status in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Pooled it
- Micronutrient interventions among vulnerable population over a decade: A systematic review on Indian perspective.Health promotion perspectives · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of Calcium Fortified Foods on Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Maternal vitamin A and D status in second and third trimester of pregnancy and bone mineral content in offspring at nine years of age.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Trial
- Integrated omics reveal the effects of vitamin D deficiency on gut microbiota and plasma metabolism in experimental autoimmune uveitis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Harnessing behavioral interventions to enhance micronutrient intake in pregnancy: A comprehensive review.Journal of education and health promotion · 2025Review
- Article
- Breast Milk Retinol Levels after Vitamin A Supplementation at Different Postpartum Amounts and Intervals.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Dietary Intake and Genetic Background Influence Vitamin Needs during Pregnancy.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Reasonableness of Enriching Cow's Milk with Vitamins and Minerals.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMicronutrient deficiency affects the health and development of vulnerable population such as children and pregnant women. Measures such as fortification of food and supplementation have been implemented to prevent or control deficiencies related to micronutrients.
objectiveTo assess the effect of vitamin A, vitamin D, and calcium fortification and supplementation on nutritional status of women in reproductive age group. To assess the toxicities and adverse events related to intervention. METHODOLOGY: Systematic reviews including RCTs on women of reproductive age group provided with vitamin A, vitamin D, and calcium supplementation or fortified food were included, to report all malnutrition-related outcomes due to deficiency of the abovementioned micronutrients. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EPPI Centre, Campbell Collaboration, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched electronically for English language publications, until 31 March 2018. Hand searching of the articles was done from the Journal of Food Science and Technology. Two independent reviewers selected the systematic reviews, extracted data, and assessed for the quality.
resultsA total of 16 systematic reviews were included in narrative synthesis. Supplementation of vitamin A was reported to result in increased maternal serum retinol concentrations and increased breast milk retinol concentration. It reduced the risk of anemia (Hb < 11 g/dL) and reduced maternal clinical infection. Vitamin D supplementation increased 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels. There was insufficient evidence for the effect on bone mineral density and serum calcium levels. Calcium supplementation did not have any significant effect on body weight, weight gain, and body mass index of the participants.
conclusionThis overview of systematic reviews reiterates the nutritional importance of vitamin A, vitamin D, and calcium supplementation for the reproductive age women. However, there was no empirical evidence available for fortification of food with vitamin A, vitamin D, and calcium and nutritional benefits of the same for reproductive age women, therefore thrusting upon the need of conducting future quality research, i.e., clinical trials and systematic reviews for food fortification. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: A priori protocol for this overview of systematic reviews was registered in PROSPERO with registration number CRD42018089403 .
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.