SynthesisBMC pregnancy and childbirth2020
Monitoring gestational weight gain and prepregnancy BMI using the 2009 IOM guidelines in the global population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Double Burden of Malnutrition Prevalence in Pregnant Women: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2026Pooled it
- Effective Implementation Strategies for Delivering Nutritional Interventions through the Health System to Prevent Malnutrition during Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Pooled it
- Energy intake and physical activity over the course of pregnancy and gestational weight gain: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of data from randomized controlled lifestyle intervention trials.Nutrition journal · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Global trends in prevalence of maternal overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of routinely collected data retrospective cohorts.International journal of population data science · 2024Pooled it
- The effect of motivational interviewing and/or cognitive behaviour therapy techniques on gestational weight gain - a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- Maternal Body Mass Index, Gestational Weight Gain, and Risk of Cancer in Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- The effect of exercise on the prevention of gestational hypertension in obese and overweight pregnant women: An updated meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of nutrition education integrating the health belief model and theory of planned behavior during pregnancy on gestational weight gain and birth weight in Southeast Ethiopia using complex analyses.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Trial
- Gestational weight gain during the second and third trimesters and adverse pregnancy outcomes, results from a prospective pregnancy cohort in urban Tanzania.Reproductive health · 2022Trial
- The effects of a lifestyle intervention (the HealthyMoms app) during pregnancy on infant body composition: Secondary outcome analysis from a randomized controlled trial.Pediatric obesity · 2022Trial
- Revealing Hidden Patterns: Harnessing Correspondence Analysis to Explore Maternal Lifestyle Profiles and Gestational Weight Gain.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Other Health Aspects Before and During Pregnancy - Recommendations by the Nationwide "Healthy Start Network" (Netzwerk Gesund ins Leben) 2026.Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2026Article
- Trends in obesity prevalence during early pregnancy in Gran Canaria, Spain, 1993 to 2022.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Article
- Effect of the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation Behavior (COM-B) model of dietary behavior program on gestational weight gain in Thailand: A randomized controlled trial.Belitung nursing journal · 2026Article
- Pre-gestational BMI, obstetric violence, and perinatal mental health: a retrospective cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Inadequate Gestational Weight Gain and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in Gamo Zone Public Hospitals, South Ethiopia: A Facility-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of pregnancy · 2026Article
- Trajectories of Gestational Weight Gain During Early and Mid-Pregnancy and Their Association with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Adequacy of gestational weight gain according to the brazilian charts: a comparison with the Institute of Medicine recommendations.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2026Article
- Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have reported a high prevalence of excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) in women with prepregnancy BMI classified as overweight and obese. However, the joint evidence regarding GWG and prepregnancy BMI in the worldwide population has not been synthesized. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate global and regional mean GWG and the prevalence of GWG above, within and below 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines. Second, we aimed to estimate global and regional prepregnancy BMI and the prevalence of BMI categories according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification.
methodsWe searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science to identify observational studies until 9 May 2018. We included studies published from 2009 that used 2009 IOM guidelines, reporting data from women in general population with singleton pregnancies. The 2009 IOM categories for GWG and the WHO categories for prepregnancy BMI were used. DerSimonian and Laird random effects methods were used to estimate the pooled and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of the mean and by category rates of GWG and prepregnancy BMI, calculated by global and regions.
resultsSixty-three published studies from 29 countries with a total sample size of 1,416,915 women were included. The global prevalence of GWG above and below the 2009 IOM guidelines, was 27.8% (95% CI; 26.5, 29.1) and 39.4% (95% CI; 37.1, 41.7), respectively. Furthermore, meta-regression analyses showed that the mean GWG and the prevalence of GWG above guidelines have increased. The global prevalence of overweight and obesity, was 23.0% (95% CI; 22.3, 23.7) and 16.3% (95% CI; 15.4, 17.4), respectively. The highest mean GWG and prepregnancy BMI were in North America and the lowest were in Asia.
conclusionsConsidering the high prevalence of GWG above the 2009 IOM guidelines and women with overweight/obesity and their continuously increasing trend in most regions, clinicians should recommend lifestyle interventions to improve women's weight during reproductive age. Due to regional variability, these interventions should be adapted to each cultural context.
trial registrationProspectively registered with PROSPERO ( CRD42018093562 ).
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