Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33106749›Full record

ArticleEthics and information technology2021

Digital contact tracing and exposure notification: ethical guidance for trustworthy pandemic management.

Robert Ranisch, Niels Nijsingh, Angela Ballantyne, Anne van Bergen, Alena Buyx, Orsolya Friedrich, Tereza Hendl, Georg Marckmann, Christian Munthe, Verina Wild

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Ethics and information technology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. The Role of Transparency in Digital Contact Tracing During COVID-19: Insights from an Expert Survey.Health care analysis : HCA : journal of health philosophy and policy · 2026
    Article
  2. Ethics of Wearable-Based Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Detection.Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology · 2024
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Equitable Design and Use of Digital Surveillance Technologies During COVID-19: Norms and Concerns.Journal of empirical research on human research ethics : JERHRE · 2022
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Robert RanischInternational Center for Ethics in the Sciences and Humanities, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1676-1694
Niels NijsinghInstitute of Ethics, History and Theory of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
Angela BallantyneCentre for Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Anne van BergenInstitute of Ethics, History and Theory of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
Alena BuyxInstitute for History and Ethics in Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
Orsolya FriedrichInstitute of Philosophy, FernUniversität Hagen, Hagen, Germany.
Tereza HendlInstitute of Ethics, History and Theory of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
Georg MarckmannInstitute of Ethics, History and Theory of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
Christian MuntheDepartment of Philosophy, Linguistics and Theory of Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Verina WildInstitute of Ethics, History and Theory of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There is growing interest in contact tracing apps (CT apps) for pandemic management. It is crucial to consider ethical requirements before, while, and after implementing such apps. In this paper, we illustrate the complexity and multiplicity of the ethical considerations by presenting an ethical framework for a responsible design and implementation of CT apps. Using this framework as a starting point, we briefly highlight the interconnection of social and political contexts, available measures of pandemic management, and a multi-layer assessment of CT apps. We will discuss some trade-offs that arise from this perspective. We then suggest that public trust is of major importance for population uptake of contact tracing apps. Hasty, ill-prepared or badly communicated implementations of CT apps will likely undermine public trust, and as such, risk impeding general effectiveness.

Indexed as

Contact tracing appsCovid-19Health appsmHealthPublic healthPublic trust

Identifiers

PMID33106749
PMCPMC7577205

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.