ArticleNature2021
Spike mutation D614G alters SARS-CoV-2 fitness.
Erratum issuedOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Nature, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1,071 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1,071citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
39.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1,071 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,754 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Role of previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 in protecting against omicron reinfections and severe complications of COVID-19 compared to pre-omicron variants: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Understanding Mutations in Human SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis.Viruses · 2023Pooled it
- Phase I randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled study of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine PTX-COVID19-B.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Structural dynamics and allosteric communication of a SARS-like bat coronavirus spike glycoprotein.Biophysical journal · 2026Article
- Loss-of-function mutation in Omicron variants reduces spike protein expression and attenuates SARS-CoV-2 infection.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Functional and structural basis of Omicron BA.3.2.1 spike.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Immune evasion, infectivity, and membrane fusion of SARS-CoV-2 variants LP.8.1.1, XEC.25.1, XFG, and NB.1.8.1.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Clade-3 Bat Sarbecovirus PRD0038 Reveals Constraints on Coronavirus Emergence and Immune Sensitivity.Research square · 2026Article
- Antagonism of stress granules key for SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Why Andes hantavirus is not the next SARS-CoV-2: contrasting viral shedding, transmissibility and genomic patterns.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Article
- Explainable convolutional neural network model provides an alternative genome-wide association perspective on mutations in SARS-CoV-2.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Scalable and sustainable manufacturing of functional DNA nanoassemblies via self-folding circular single-stranded DNA.Nature communications · 2026Article
- D614G reshapes allosteric networks and opening mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 spikes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- High-speed 3D single-virus tracking reveals actin-aided viral trafficking of SARS-CoV-2 on the plasma membrane.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Potency ofThe Kobe journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Epitope-focused discovery of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies that potently neutralize Omicron variants.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Conformational dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 spike on a membrane reveals the allosteric effects of furin cleavage and the D614G mutation.Science advances · 2026Article
1,011 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
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- Update of
Authors and funding
22 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Jessica A Plante *World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4768-7458
Yang Liu *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Jianying Liu *Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Hongjie XiaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-7038
Bryan A JohnsonInstitute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Kumari G LokugamageDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Xianwen ZhangDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Antonio E MuruatoInstitute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Jing ZouDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Camila R Fontes-GarfiasDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Divya MirchandaniWorld Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Dionna SchartonWorld Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
John P BilelloGilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4327-1727
Zhiqiang KuTexas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Zhiqiang AnTexas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Birte KalveramDepartment of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Alexander N FreibergInstitute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Vineet D MenacheryInstitute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Xuping XieDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA. xuxie@utmb.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0918-016X
Kenneth S PlanteWorld Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA. ksplante@utmb.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7485-3167
Scott C WeaverWorld Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA. sweaver@utmb.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8016-8556
Pei-Yong ShiInstitute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA. peshi@utmb.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-1616
The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston · USBrown Foundation · USGilead Sciences (United States) · US
Funding
Regulatory Compliance Core - Galveston National Laboratory BSL4 OperationsUC7AI094660 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI Dennis A Bente · 2011 to 2026
$208.8MUTMB Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR001439 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI URBAN, RANDALL J · 2015 to 2024
$40.0MProject 4 - Influenza - UABU19AI142759 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI WHITLEY, RICHARD J. · 2019 to 2023
$37.5MWest African Center for Emerging Infectious DiseasesU01AI151801 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI Robert W Cross, Scott C Weaver · 2020 to 2026
$10.1MWorld Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses (WRCEVA)R24AI120942 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI WEAVER, SCOTT C · 2016 to 2024
$8.5MUTMB Clinical and Translational Science AwardTL1TR001440 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI HOMMEL, JONATHAN DEAN · 2015 to 2024
$3.4MRegulation of Ebola virus replication by the host ubiquitin systemR01AI134907 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI GIRALDO, MARIA ISABEL · 2018 to 2022
$3.1MIdentifying host and viral correlates for coronavirus pathogenesisR01AI153602 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI JOHNSON, BRYAN A · 2020 to 2023
$2.0MSystems Based Analysis of Host Factors that Contribute to Aging PathogenesisR00AG049092 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI MENACHERY, VINEET D · 2017 to 2019
$736kDiscovery and Development of Broad-spectrum Protease Inhibitors of Flaviviruses of Significant Public Health ThreatsR43AI145617 · NIAID · PLEX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. · PI REMACLE, ALBERT, THOTA, SAMBAIAH · 2020 to 2021
$600kThe Host Genetics of Age-Dependent SusceptibilityR21AI145400 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI MENACHERY, VINEET D · 2020 to 2021
$451kNCATS NIH HHS TL1 TR001440NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001439NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI134907NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI153602NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI145400NIAID NIH HHS R24 AI120942NIAID NIH HHS R43 AI145617NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI151801NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI142759NIAID NIH HHS UC7 AI094660NIA NIH HHS R00 AG049092
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein substitution D614G became dominant during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Indexed as
Genetic FitnessMutationAnimalsAntibodies, NeutralizingCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesCricetinaeDisease Models, AnimalHumansLungMaleMesocricetusModels, BiologicalNasal MucosaNeutralization TestsProtein StabilityAntibodies, NeutralizingCOVID-19 VaccinesSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.