ArticleScientific reports2020
The association between thyroid function biomarkers and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of thyroid function tests among children with neurological disorders.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Thyroid function in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and specific learning disorder: a retrospective comparative study.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Using endocrine profiles to explore subgroups among transdiagnostic neurodiverse children and adolescents.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
- Genetic Association Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Sarcopenia: A Bidirectional Two-Sample, Two-Step Mendelian Randomized Study.Psychiatry investigation · 2025Article
- Normal Values for the fT3/fT4 Ratio: Centile Charts (0-29 Years) and Their Application for the Differential Diagnosis of Children with Developmental Delay.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Early childhood exposures to phthalates in association with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder behaviors in middle childhood and adolescence in the ReCHARGE study.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2024Article
- Prenatal and perinatal exposure to Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-contaminated drinking water impacts offspring neurobehavior and development.The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
- Serum levels of glucose, thyroid stimulating hormone, and free thyroxine in boys diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a cross-sectional pilot study.BMC neurology · 2024Article
- Interrelationships among growth hormone, thyroid function, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals on the susceptibility to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2023Article
- Article
- Persistent Organic Pollutant Exposure and Thyroid Function among 12-Year-Old Children.Neuroendocrinology · 2023Article
- Serum TSH Levels are Associated with Hyperactivity Behaviors in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2023Article
- Association between CLOCK gene polymorphisms and ADHD in Mexican teenagers: A comprehensive assessment.Psychiatry research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The relation between thyroid function biomarkers and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents is currently unclear. Cross-sectional data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Baseline) was analyzed to assess the association between thyroid function biomarkers and ADHD in a population-based, nationally representative sample. The study cohort included 11,588 children and adolescents with 572 and 559 having an ADHD diagnosis or symptoms, respectively. ADHD symptoms were assessed through the Inattention/Hyperactivity subscale of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. ADHD diagnosis was determined by a physician or psychologist. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and free thyroxine (fT4) concentrations were determined enzymatically. Adjusted regression models were used to relate serum TSH, fT3, and fT4 with risk for ADHD diagnosis or symptoms. In children, a 1 mIU/l higher TSH was related to a 10% lower risk (odds ratio [OR] 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81-1.00) of ADHD diagnosis. We found a significant positive association between fT3 and continuously assessed ADHD symptoms in children (β 0.08; 95% CI 0.03-0.14). Our results suggest that physical maturity may influence the association between thyroid function biomarkers and risk for ADHD.
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