ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2020
Insights into the composition of ancient Egyptian red and black inks on papyri achieved by synchrotron-based microanalyses.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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8 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Making of the Vindolanda Wooden Writing Tablets: A Noninvasive Multianalytical Protocol for the Characterisation of Black Roman Inks.Journal of analytical methods in chemistry · 2026Article
- A model carbonized papyrus scroll opens a novel path to identifying readable scrolls of the Herculaneum Library.PloS one · 2026Article
- A Review of Hybrid Manufacturing: Integrating Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Environmental effects on surface lead-calcium apatite formation on Roman wall paintings.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Layout of ancient Greek papyri through lead-drawn ruling lines revealed by Macro X-Ray Fluorescence Imaging.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Illustrating papyrus in Ancient Egypt.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Potential effects of nano-cellulose and nano-silica/polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposites in the strengthening of dyed paper manuscripts with madder: an experimental study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Novel optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy for the noninvasive characterization of heritage glass-metal objects.Science advances · 2022Article
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14 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A hitherto unknown composition is highlighted in the red and black inks preserved on ancient Egyptian papyri from the Roman period (circa 100 to 200 CE). Synchrotron-based macro-X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping brings to light the presence of iron (Fe) and lead (Pb) compounds in the majority of the red inks inscribed on 12 papyrus fragments from the Tebtunis temple library. The iron-based compounds in the inks can be assigned to ocher, notably due to the colocalization of Fe with aluminum, and the detection of hematite (Fe
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