ArticlePLoS pathogens2020
Effector prediction and characterization in the oomycete pathogen Bremia lactucae reveal host-recognized WY domain proteins that lack the canonical RXLR motif.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diverse haplotypes at a complex Solanum americanum locus confer resistance to Phytophthora infestans and P. capsici.The Plant cell · 2026Article
- Pangenome graph analysis reveals evolution of resistance breaking in spinach downy mildew.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Structural Insights Into the Role of RxLR Effectors in the Arms Race Between Oomycetes and Plants.Molecular plant pathology · 2025Review
- Plasmopara viticola Effector PvRXLR10 Targets a Host Phospholipase VvipPLA-IIδ2 to Suppress Plant Immunity in Grapevine.Molecular plant pathology · 2025Article
- Mutations in the signal peptide of effector gene Pi04314 contribute to the adaptive evolution of the Phytophthora infestans.BMC ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Proteolytic processing of both RXLR and EER motifs in oomycete effectors.The New phytologist · 2025Article
- Annotation of RxLR Effectors in Oomycete Genomes.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Conserved effector families render Phytophthora species vulnerable to recognition by NLR receptors in nonhost plants.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Pangenome graph analysis reveals extensive effector copy-number variation in spinach downy mildew.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
- Identification and characterization of specific motifs in effector proteins of plant parasites using MOnSTER.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Intrinsically Disordered Kiwellin Protein-Like Effectors Target Plant Chloroplasts and are Extensively Present in Rust Fungi.Molecular biotechnology · 2024Article
- Genome-Wide Characterization of Effector Protein-Encoding Genes inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- WideEffHunter: An Algorithm to Predict Canonical and Non-Canonical Effectors in Fungi and Oomycetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Identification of a Novel Lipase with AHSMG Pentapeptide in Hypocreales and Glomerellales Filamentous Fungi.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The INRAE Centre for Vegetable Germplasm: Geographically and Phenotypically Diverse Collections and Their Use in Genetics and Plant Breeding.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- The hop downy mildew pathogen Pseudoperonospora humuli.Molecular plant pathology · 2021Article
- The Effector Repertoire of the Hop Downy Mildew PathogenFrontiers in genetics · 2020Article
- Host interactors of effector proteins of the lettuce downy mildew Bremia lactucae obtained by yeast two-hybrid screening.PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pathogens that infect plants and animals use a diverse arsenal of effector proteins to suppress the host immune system and promote infection. Identification of effectors in pathogen genomes is foundational to understanding mechanisms of pathogenesis, for monitoring field pathogen populations, and for breeding disease resistance. We identified candidate effectors from the lettuce downy mildew pathogen Bremia lactucae by searching the predicted proteome for the WY domain, a structural fold found in effectors that has been implicated in immune suppression as well as effector recognition by host resistance proteins. We predicted 55 WY domain containing proteins in the genome of B. lactucae and found substantial variation in both sequence and domain architecture. These candidate effectors exhibit several characteristics of pathogen effectors, including an N-terminal signal peptide, lineage specificity, and expression during infection. Unexpectedly, only a minority of B. lactucae WY effectors contain the canonical N-terminal RXLR motif, which is a conserved feature in the majority of cytoplasmic effectors reported in Phytophthora spp. Functional analysis of 21 effectors containing WY domains revealed 11 that elicited cell death on wild accessions and domesticated lettuce lines containing resistance genes, indicative of recognition of these effectors by the host immune system. Only two of the 11 recognized effectors contained the canonical RXLR motif, suggesting that there has been an evolutionary divergence in sequence motifs between genera; this has major consequences for robust effector prediction in oomycete pathogens.
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