ReviewStroke2020
Identifying Genetic and Biological Determinants of Race-Ethnic Disparities in Stroke in the United States.
Review in Stroke, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Ethnic Inequalities in Stroke Incidence Patterns and Trends in High-Income Countries (2015-2025).Neuroepidemiology · 2026Pooled it
- Novel functional insights into ischemic stroke biology provided by the first genome-wide association study of stroke in indigenous Africans.Genome medicine · 2024Pooled it
- CVD Environmental Health Disparities Tool: systematic evidence mapping of psychosocial stressors, environmental exposures, and cardiovascular diseases to inform disparities research and action.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Review
- Prediction of myelosuppression risk in postoperative cervical cancer patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy using machine learning models.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- The Role of IL-6 in Ischemic Stroke.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Racial Disparities in Plasma Cytokine and Microbiome Profiles.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Stroke Demographics, Risk Factors, Subtypes, Syndromes, Mechanisms and Inter-Ethnic Differences between Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore-A Hospital-Based Study.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Article
- Ethnic and Gender Variations in Ischemic Stroke Patterns among Arab Populations in Northern Israel: A Preliminary Exploration towards Culturally Aware Personalized Stroke Care.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Addressing disparities in the global epidemiology of stroke.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2024Review
- Looking Upstream to Understand Race/Ethnicity as a Moderator for Poststroke Neuroinflammation and a Social Determinant for Poststroke Aphasia Outcomes.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2024Article
- DECODING STROKE DISPARITIES: ZIP CODES, COLOR CODES, AND EPIGENETIC CODES.Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association · 2024Article
- Editorial: Diversity in stroke omic(s) and epidemiology research: opportunities and challenges.Frontiers in stroke · 2024Article
- Intersectionality in Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Female Sex and Black American Race in the Development and Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2023Review
- Racial/Ethnic Differences in Biological Aging and Their Life Course Socioeconomic Determinants: The 2016 Health and Retirement Study.Journal of aging and health · 2023Article
- Genetic heterogeneity in cardiovascular disease across ancestries: Insights for mechanisms and therapeutic intervention.Cambridge prisms. Precision medicine · 2023Review
- Brain-body pathways linking racism and health.The American psychologist · 2022Article
- Black In Cardio: promoting diversity and representation in the cardiovascular field.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2022Article
- Nucleosides Associated With Incident Ischemic Stroke in the REGARDS and JHS Cohorts.Neurology · 2022Observational
- Stroke Genomics: Current Knowledge, Clinical Applications and Future Possibilities.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Prevalence and predictors of stroke among individuals with prediabetes and diabetes in Florida.BMC public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In the United States, causes of racial differences in stroke and its risk factors remain only partly understood, and there is a long-standing disparity in stroke incidence and mortality impacting Black Americans. Only half of the excess risk of stroke in the United States Black population is explained by traditional risk factors, suggesting potential effects of other factors including genetic and biological characteristics. Here, we nonsystematically reviewed candidate laboratory biomarkers for stroke and their relationships to racial disparities in stroke. Current evidence indicates that IL-6 (interleukin-6), a proinflammatory cytokine, mediates racial disparities in stroke through its association with traditional risk factors. Only one reviewed biomarker, Lp(a) (lipoprotein[a]), is a race-specific risk factor for stroke. Lp(a) is highly genetically determined and levels are substantially higher in Black than White people; clinical and pharmaceutical ramifications for stroke prevention remain uncertain. Other studied stroke risk biomarkers did not explain racial differences in stroke. More research on Lp(a) and other biological and genetic risk factors is needed to understand and mitigate racial disparities in stroke.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.