ArticleCellular microbiology2021
Using genetically encoded heme sensors to probe the mechanisms of heme uptake and homeostasis in Candida albicans.
Article in Cellular microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ferric reductase related proteins Frp1 and Frp2 mediate reductive heme uptake in the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans.Journal of inorganic biochemistry · 2026Article
- The terminal heme synthetic enzyme, coproheme decarboxylase, negatively regulates heme uptake in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Iron acquisition mechanisms of human skin-associated fungi.FEMS yeast research · 2026Review
- CFEM proteins: unique to fungi with essential roles in plant host interactions.Frontiers in fungal biology · 2026Review
- Siderophores and secondary metabolites produced byMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2025Article
- Heme alters biofilm formation inMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Tobramycin-resistant small colony variant mutant ofVirulence · 2024Article
- Fluorometric Methods to Measure Bioavailable and Total Heme.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Depletion assisted hemin affinity (DAsHA) proteomics reveals an expanded landscape of heme-binding proteins in the human proteome.Metallomics : integrated biometal science · 2023Article
- Heme sensing and trafficking in fungi.Fungal biology reviews · 2023Article
- Whole-Cell P450 Biocatalysis Using Engineered Escherichia coli with Fine-Tuned Heme Biosynthesis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Article
- Regulation of heme utilization and homeostasis in Candida albicans.PLoS genetics · 2022Article
- Heme Oxygenase-1 (Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Iron homeostasis and organismal aging.Ageing research reviews · 2021Review
- Fluorescent toys 'n' tools lighting the way in fungal research.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2021Article
- Molecular Epidemiology, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Virulence Evaluation ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen that can utilise hemin and haemoglobin as iron sources in the iron-scarce host environment. While C. albicans is a heme prototroph, we show here that it can also efficiently utilise external heme as a cellular heme source. Using genetically encoded ratiometric fluorescent heme sensors, we show that heme extracted from haemoglobin and free hemin enter the cells with different kinetics. Heme supplied as haemoglobin is taken up via the Common in Fungal Extracellular Membrane (CFEM) hemophore cascade, and reaches the cytoplasm over several hours, whereas entry of free hemin via CFEM-dependent and independent pathways is much faster, less than an hour. To prevent an influx of extracellular heme from reaching toxic levels in the cytoplasm, the cells deploy Hmx1, a heme oxygenase. Hmx1 was previously suggested to be involved in utilisation of haemoglobin and hemin as iron sources, but we find that it is primarily required to prevent heme toxicity. Taken together, the combination of novel heme sensors with genetic analysis revealed new details of the fungal mechanisms of heme import and homeostasis, necessary to balance the uses of heme as essential cofactor and potential iron source against its toxicity.
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