ArticleCardiovascular journal of Africa
Delayed retinal vein recovery responses indicate both non-adaptation to stress as well as increased risk for stroke: the SABPA study.
Article in Cardiovascular journal of Africa. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between Life Satisfaction and Incident Stroke in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study from the CHARLS.Cerebrovascular diseases extra · 2026Article
- Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography for Retinal Neurovascular Structural Evaluation in a Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Rat Model.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- A Stress Syndrome Prototype Reflects Type 3 Diabetes and Ischemic Stroke Risk: The SABPA Study.Biology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesLow or high sympatho-adrenal-medullary axis (SAM) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) dysregulation reflect chronic stress. Retinal vessel dynamics may relate to SAM, HPA activity and stroke risk. Our objectives were therefore to assess the relationships between retinal vessel, SAM and HPA responses, and to determine stroke risk.
methodsA prospective bi-ethnic gender cohort (
resultsAn interaction term was fitted for venous dilation in u-NE tertiles (p ≤ 0.05) and not in u-NE median/quartiles/quintiles. Independent of race or gender, tertile 1 (low u-NE) had a 112% increase in u-NE, decreases in cortisol, and no changes in ACTH over three years (positive feedback). Tertile 3 (high u-NE) contradictorily had decreases in u-NE and cortisol, and increases in ACTH (negative feedback). In tertile 1, reduced arterial dilation, and faster arterial vasoconstriction and narrowing were related to higher SAM activity and hypo-perfusion (
conclusionsIn response to low norepinephrine, a reflex increase in SAM activity occurred, enhancing arterial vasoconstriction and hypo-perfusion. Concomitant HPA dysregulation attenuated retinal vein vasoactivity and tone, reflecting delayed vein recovery responses and non-adaptation to stress. These constrained vein recovery responses are indicative of increased chronic stress and stroke risk.
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Registered trials
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