ArticleThe Journal of urology2021
Performance of Prostate Health Index in Biopsy Naïve Black Men.
Article in The Journal of urology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex hormone balance and PSA-derived biomarkers in cancer-free African migrant men in Italy: Implications for prostate cancer early detection.The journal of liquid biopsy · 2026Article
- Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: A Comparative Evaluation of Biological Techniques.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- From prostate specific antigen to genomic signatures: Advances in biomarkers for prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis.Translational oncology · 2026Review
- Liquid Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: Current Status and Emerging Prospects.The world journal of men's health · 2025Review
- Concerns regarding prostate cancer screening guidelines in minority populations.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2024Article
- Adding a Coefficient for Race to the 4Kscore Improves Calibration for Black Men.The Journal of urology · 2024Article
- Biomarkers of Aggressive Prostate Cancer at Diagnosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Molecular Biomarkers for the Detection of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.European urology open science · 2022Review
- Liquid biomarkers for early detection of prostate cancer and summary of available data for their use in African-American men.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2022Review
- Prostate Cancer Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers' Clinical Utility in Diagnosis and Prognosis.Cancers · 2021Review
- Advancements in Biomarkers of Prostate Cancer: A Review.Technology in cancer research & treatmentReview
- Biomarkers for prostate cancer detection and risk stratification.Therapeutic advances in urologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe Prostate Health Index is validated for prostate cancer detection but has not been well validated for Gleason grade group 2-5 prostate cancer detection in Black men. We hypothesize that the Prostate Health Index has greater accuracy than prostate specific antigen for detection of Gleason grade group 2-5 prostate cancer. We estimated probability of overall and Gleason grade group 2-5 prostate cancer across previously established Prostate Health Index ranges and identified Prostate Health Index cutoffs that maximize specificity for Gleason grade group 2-5 prostate cancer with sensitivity >90%. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe recruited a "cancer-free" Black control cohort (135 patients) and a cohort of biopsy naïve Black men (158) biopsied for elevated prostate specific antigen. Descriptive statistics compared the prostate cancer cases and controls and the frequency of Gleason grade group 2-5 prostate cancer across Prostate Health Index scores. Receiver operating characteristics compared the discrimination of prostate specific antigen, Prostate Health Index and other prostate specific antigen related biomarkers. Sensitivity and specificity for Gleason grade group 2-5 prostate cancer detection were assessed at prostate specific antigen and Prostate Health Index thresholds alone and in series.
resultsOf biopsied subjects 32.9% had Gleason grade group 2-5 prostate cancer. In Blacks with prostate specific antigen from 4.0-10.0 ng/ml, Prostate Health Index and prostate specific antigen had similar discrimination for Gleason grade group 2-5 prostate cancer (0.63 vs 0.57, p=0.27). In Blacks with prostate specific antigen ≤10.0, a threshold of prostate specific antigen ≥4.0 had 90.4% sensitivity for Gleason grade group 2-5 prostate cancer; a threshold of prostate specific antigen ≥4.0 with Prostate Health Index ≥35.0 in series avoided unnecessary biopsy in 33.0% of men but missed 17.3% of Gleason grade group 2-5 prostate cancer. Prostate specific antigen ≥4.0 with Prostate Health Index ≥28.0 in series spared biopsy in 17.9%, while maintaining 90.4% sensitivity of Gleason grade group 2-5 prostate cancer.
conclusionsThe Prostate Health Index has moderate accuracy in detecting Gleason grade group 2-5 prostate cancer in Blacks, but Prostate Health Index ≥28.0 can be safely used to avoid some unnecessary biopsies in Blacks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.