SynthesisInternational journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society2021
Stroke in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 285 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
285 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 576 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Cerebral Haemorrhage and SARS-CoV-2: An Emerging Virus From a Meta-Analysis Perspective.Reviews in medical virology · 2025Pooled it
- Association between SARS-CoV-2 and stroke: perspectives from a metaumbrella-review.BMC neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Intracranial hemorrhages in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review of the literature, regarding six cases in an Amazonian population.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2023Pooled it
- Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a retrospective observational study based on 1060 patients with a narrative review.Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987) · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The association between stroke and COVID-19-related mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on adjusted effect estimates.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Pooled it
- Molecular Imaging Findings on Acute and Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 on the Brain: A Systematic Review.Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Chronic high-altitude exposure and the epidemiology of ischaemic stroke: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2022Pooled it
- Risk of ischemic stroke in patients with COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Brain research bulletin · 2022Pooled it
- Neurological Complications in COVID-19 Patients With ECMO Support: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Heart, lung & circulation · 2022Pooled it
- Long COVID brain fog treatment: An early-phase randomized controlled trial of constraint-induced cognitive therapy signals go.Rehabilitation psychology · 2026Trial
- High levels of cell-free hemoglobin and iron in cerebral thrombi of pre-Omicron COVID-19 stroke patients: novel drivers of SARS-CoV-2-induced prothrombotic state.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Article
- Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke Occurring After ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 Vaccination Without Evidence of Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia: A Case Report and Focused Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Understanding the long-term neurological effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Rising incidence of stroke in survivors of severe COVID-19.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Preceding Infections and Coagulation Biomarkers in Early-Onset Cryptogenic Ischemic Stroke.Stroke · 2026Observational
- Two Decades of Declining Stroke Burden in Kaunas, Lithuania (2000-2023): A Population-Based Analysis of Morbidity, Mortality, and Case-Fatality Trends by Sex, Age, and Stroke Type.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Syphilis Co-Infection Among People Living with HIV in Romania: Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics in a Single-Center Retrospective Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Psychiatric and Neurological Involvement in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients Through the Global Pandemic in Central Romania.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Neurological Complications in Intensive Care Units: From Delirium to Long-Term Cognitive Dysfunction-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
225 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic, affecting millions of people. However, the relationship between COVID-19 and acute cerebrovascular diseases is unclear.
aimsWe aimed to characterize the incidence, risk factors, clinical-radiological manifestations, and outcome of COVID-19-associated stroke.
methodsThree medical databases were systematically reviewed for published articles on acute cerebrovascular diseases in COVID-19 (December 2019-September 2020). The review protocol was previously registered (PROSPERO ID = CRD42020185476). Data were extracted from articles reporting ≥5 stroke cases in COVID-19. We complied with the PRISMA guidelines and used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess data quality. Data were pooled using a random-effect model. SUMMARY OF REVIEW: Of 2277 initially identified articles, 61 (2.7%) were entered in the meta-analysis. Out of 108,571 patients with COVID-19, acute CVD occurred in 1.4% (95%CI: 1.0-1.9). The most common manifestation was acute ischemic stroke (87.4%); intracerebral hemorrhage was less common (11.6%). Patients with COVID-19 developing acute cerebrovascular diseases, compared to those who did not, were older (pooled median difference = 4.8 years; 95%CI: 1.7-22.4), more likely to have hypertension (OR = 7.35; 95%CI: 1.94-27.87), diabetes mellitus (OR = 5.56; 95%CI: 3.34-9.24), coronary artery disease (OR = 3.12; 95%CI: 1.61-6.02), and severe infection (OR = 5.10; 95%CI: 2.72-9.54). Compared to individuals who experienced a stroke without the infection, patients with COVID-19 and stroke were younger (pooled median difference = -6.0 years; 95%CI: -12.3 to -1.4), had higher NIHSS (pooled median difference = 5; 95%CI: 3-9), higher frequency of large vessel occlusion (OR = 2.73; 95%CI: 1.63-4.57), and higher in-hospital mortality rate (OR = 5.21; 95%CI: 3.43-7.90).
conclusionsAcute cerebrovascular diseases are not uncommon in patients with COVID-19, especially in those whom are severely infected and have pre-existing vascular risk factors. The pattern of large vessel occlusion and multi-territory infarcts suggests that cerebral thrombosis and/or thromboembolism could be possible causative pathways for the disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.