Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33101909›Full record

ArticleInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife2020

Leeches in the extreme: Morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations to inhospitable habitats.

Anna J Phillips, Fredric R Govedich, William E Moser

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
3.4field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Ethno-etiology meets virology: land leeches (family: Haemadipsidae) as potential disease vectors.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Polychaete annelids from the earliest Cambrian Period.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
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  12. International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2023
    Article
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  15. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Anna J PhillipsDepartment of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th Street and Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20560, USA.
Fredric R GovedichBiology Department, Southern Utah University, 351 W. University Blvd., Cedar City, UT, 84720, USA.
William E MoserDepartment of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center-MRC 534, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, MD, 20746, USA.
Smithsonian Institution · USSouthern Utah University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With more than 700 described species, leeches include morphological, physiological, and behavioral diversity and occur in terrestrial and aquatic habitats, including freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems. Leeches inhabit a number of extreme environments, including extremes in temperature, moisture, salinity, pressure, light, and pollution. In some cases, leeches in extreme environments have specialized morphological, physiological, or behavioral adaptations to survive these conditions, yet unique adaptations are not apparent in some species. Leeches that inhabit inhospitable habitats occur in more than one branch or family of leech phylogeny suggesting that there have been independent invasions of environments with extreme conditions. Herein, we review examples of leeches that live in extreme conditions and the exceptional biology that has contributed to leeches being the most extreme annelids.

Indexed as

BlutegelHirudineaHirudinidaSangsueSanguessugaSanguijuela

Identifiers

PMID33101909
PMCPMC7569739
OpenAlexW3087161520

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.