Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33101092›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2020

The Impact of Physical Distancing and Associated Factors Towards Internet Addiction Among Adults in Indonesia During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Nationwide Web-Based Study.

Kristiana Siste, Enjeline Hanafi, Lee Thung Sen, Hans Christian, Adrian, Levina Putri Siswidiani, Albert Prabowo Limawan, Belinda Julivia Murtani, Christiany Suwartono

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
54citing papers in PubMed
51.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

54 citing papers in PubMed, 170 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Kristiana SisteDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Enjeline HanafiDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Lee Thung SenDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Hans ChristianDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
AdrianDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Levina Putri SiswidianiDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Albert Prabowo LimawanDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Belinda Julivia MurtaniDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Christiany SuwartonoFaculty of Psychology, Atma Jaya Catholic University, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo · IDUniversity of Indonesia · IDAtma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia · ID

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionPhysical distancing has encouraged the public to utilize the Internet for virtually all daily activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on Internet addiction (IA) prevalence and analyzed the correlated factors during quarantine and pandemic.

methodsAn online survey was generated, comprising of a sociodemographic section, Internet Addiction Diagnostic Questionnaire (KDAI), Symptoms Checklist-90, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The hyperlink was disseminated through social media, companies, and universities. Overall, 4,734 adults, (mean age 31.84 ± 7.73 years old and 55.2% males) representing all 34 provinces of Indonesia, gave valid responses.

resultsPoint prevalence of IA during the COVID-19 pandemic was 14.4% in Indonesian adults. Online duration increased by 52% compared to before the pandemic. Physical distancing was not established as a risk of IA. Increased daily online duration, specific motivations, types of application, and having confirmed/suspected COVID-19 cases within the household were predictive of IA. All subscales of SCL-90 and PSQI were higher in the group with positive/suspect cases of COVID-19 within households and were correlated to higher scores of IA. DISCUSSION: Physical distancing alone was not associated with an increased risk of IA. The prevalence of IA during COVID-19 was higher than the previously proposed rate among Indonesian adults, which might be related to digital activities associated with COVID-19 and the popularity of virtual socializing. Furthermore, psychopathologies and sleep disruptions were related to IA occurrences and especially prevalent in groups with proximity to COVID-19. Fear of COVID-19 contraction and rampant misinformation of COVID-19 probably contributed to these factors, which potentially harbor long-term consequences.

conclusionThe current study demonstrated a high point prevalence of IA and identified several preventable factors predictive of IA during home-quarantine and COVID-19, especially in adults with confirmed/suspected COVID-19 cases within the household. However, physical distancing did not increase the odds of IA. Public health agencies should maintain physical distancing advisory while providing adaptive psychiatric education and service.

Indexed as

Coronavirus Disease 2019Indonesiainternet addictionphysical distancingpsychopathologysleep quality

Identifiers

PMID33101092
PMCPMC7495250
OpenAlexW3082473119

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.