Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33100332›Full record

ArticleGenetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics2021

Exome sequencing analysis on products of conception: a cohort study to evaluate clinical utility and genetic etiology for pregnancy loss.

Chen Zhao, Hongyan Chai, Qinghua Zhou, Jiadi Wen, Uma M Reddy, Rama Kastury, Yonghui Jiang, Winifred Mak, Allen E Bale, Hui Zhang and 1 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
9.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Genomics of pregnancy loss.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Genetic Variants in Recurrent Euploid Pregnancy Loss.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. The hidden causes of pregnancy loss: a closer look.Journal of translational medicine · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. High Incidence ofBalkan medical journal · 2024
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Placental Pathology Findings in Unexplained Pregnancy Losses.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Chen Zhao *Departments of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Hongyan Chai *Departments of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Qinghua ZhouBiomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Jiadi WenDepartments of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Uma M ReddyObstetrics and Gynecology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Rama KasturyDepartments of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Yonghui JiangDepartments of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Winifred MakDepartments of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. winifred.mak@austin.utexas.edu.
Allen E BaleDepartments of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. allen.bale@yale.edu.
Hui ZhangDepartments of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. zhang.hui@yale.edu.
Peining LiDepartments of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. peining.li@yale.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-4905
Yale University · USJinan University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposePregnancy loss ranging from spontaneous abortion (SAB) to stillbirth can result from monogenic causes of Mendelian inheritance. This study evaluated the clinical application of exome sequencing (ES) in identifying the genetic etiology for pregnancy loss.

methodsA cohort of 102 specimens from products of conception (POC) with normal karyotype and absence of pathogenic copy-number variants were selected for ES. Abnormality detection rate (ADR) and variants of diagnostic value correlated with SAB and stillbirth were evaluated.

resultsES detected 6 pathogenic variants, 16 likely pathogenic variants, and 17 variants of uncertain significance favor pathogenic (VUSfp) from this cohort. The ADR for pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants was 22% and reached 35% with the inclusion of VUSfp. The ADRs of SAB and stillbirth were 36% and 33%, respectively. Affected genes included those associated with multisystem abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorders, cardiac anomalies, skeletal dysplasia, metabolic disorders, and renal diseases.

conclusionThese results supported the clinical utility of ES for detecting monogenic etiology of pregnancy loss. The identification of disease-associated variants provided information for follow-up genetic counseling of recurrence risk and management of subsequent pregnancies. Discovery of novel variants could provide insight for underlying molecular mechanisms causing fetal death.

Indexed as

Abortion, SpontaneousCohort StudiesDNA Copy Number VariationsExomeExome SequencingFemaleHumansPregnancyabnormality detection rate (ADR)exome sequencing (ES)genetic etiologypregnancy lossproducts of conception (POC)

Identifiers

PMID33100332
OpenAlexW3093772749

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.