ArticleClinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology2021
Risk factors associated with rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis and eczema among schoolchildren in Uganda.
Article in Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for allergic rhinitis in preschool children: a meta-analysis and systematic review.BMC pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Clarifying the effect of gut microbiota on allergic conjunctivitis risk is instrumental for predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine: a Mendelian randomization analysis.The EPMA journal · 2023Article
- Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Asthma in Preschool Children in Shanghai, China: A Cross-Sectional Study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
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15 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundThe prevalence of allergy-related diseases (ARDs), including rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis and eczema, is on the increase globally. The causes of this increase are not well established.
objectivesTo investigate the risk factors associated with ARDs among schoolchildren in Uganda.
methodsWe conducted a secondary data analysis of a large asthma case-control study involving 1700 schoolchildren, 5-17 years, in urban Uganda. ARDs were defined according to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. Skin prick testing (SPT) was conducted using standard procedures and allergen-specific IgE (asIgE) using ImmunoCAP
resultsThe lifetime estimated weighted prevalence of reported rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis and eczema was 43.3%, 39.5% and 13.5%; weighted prevalence in 12 months was 10.1%, 9.1% and 2.3%, respectively. There was overlap of ARDs, with 66.3% of 1193 schoolchildren who reported having ever an ARDs (including asthma) reporting two or more. Risk factors associated with reported rhinitis in the last 12 months were city residence at birth [adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 2.66 (1.42-4.99) compared to rural]; father's [2.62 (1.79-3.83)] and mother's history of allergic disease [2.12 (1.48-3.02)]; frequent de-worming in the last 12 months [2.01 (1.30-3.11), ≥2 versus none]; current high frequency of 'trucks passing on the street near home' [2.59 (1.48-4.52), 'almost all the time' versus rarely] and positive SPT [1.54 (1.09-2.18)] but not asIgE [1.38 (0.60-3.15)]. The same pattern of risk factors was observed for allergic conjunctivitis and eczema.
conclusionWe found extensive multi-morbidity of, and overlap in the risk factors for, rhinitis, conjunctivitis and eczema-similar to asthma risk factors-among schoolchildren in urban Uganda. This suggests a similar underlying cause for all ARDs, associated with exposure to urban lifestyles and environment in Uganda.
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