ArticleArchives of gynecology and obstetrics2021
Does greater morning sickness predict carrying a girl? Analysis of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy from retrospective report.
Article in Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Persistent Nausea among Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Illinois Kids Development Study (I-KIDS).Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Testing effects of partner support and use of oral contraception during relationship formation on severity of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Readmissions due to hyperemesis gravidarum: a nation-wide Finnish register study.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe prevalence of severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) requiring hospitalization has been associated with female fetal sex. However, the question of whether fetal sex and less severe forms of NVP share that association has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between fetal sex and the frequency of NVP.
methodsWe collected self-reported data from mothers via an international web-based survey on the Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) platform about pregnancy and first trimester NVP history. We considered the covariables of maternal age, parity status, proneness to nausea, geographic cohort, and preconceived notions of a relationship between fetal sex and NVP.
resultsTwo-thousand five hundred and forty-three mothers met the inclusion criteria, yielding data from 4320 pregnancies. Women gestating a female fetus reported higher frequencies of NVP (M = 6.35 on a 1-9 scale) than did women gestating males (M = 6.04, p = .007). This effect held true when all other variables were included in the regression. General proneness to nausea, maternal age, and parity were also significant independent predictors of NVP.
conclusionsWomen that carried a female fetus, as opposed to a male fetus, reported significantly higher frequency of NVP during the first trimester of pregnancy. Further research should evaluate both the proximate and ultimate causes of this relationship.
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