Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33098427›Full record

ArticleClinical chemistry2021

Rapid and Extraction-Free Detection of SARS-CoV-2 from Saliva by Colorimetric Reverse-Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification.

Matthew A Lalli, Joshua S Langmade, Xuhua Chen, Catrina C Fronick, Christopher S Sawyer, Lauren C Burcea, Michael N Wilkinson, Robert S Fulton, Michael Heinz, William J Buchser and 3 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical chemistry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04565509 (Supporting the Health and Well-being of Children With Intellectual and Developmental Disability During COVID-19 Pandemic), which is not on this map. Cited by 148 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
148citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04565509 nacompletednot on this map

Supporting the Health and Well-being of Children With Intellectual and Developmental Disability During COVID-19 Pandemic

TypeinterventionalSponsorWashington University School of MedicineRan2020 to 2024Enrolled1,143ConditionsCovid19, Intellectual Disability, Developmental Disability, Child Development DisorderArmsStandard Messaging, Enhanced Messaging, COVID-19 Testing, Focus Groups, Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

148 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Point of Care Testing and Recombinase Polymerase Amplification.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Standardization and performance of SARS-CoV-2 RT-LAMP detection: a reliable, inexpensive, and alternative diagnostic assay.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Development of a Novel Nested-RT-LAMP Assay for the Rapid and Accurate Coronavirus Disease-2019 Diagnosis.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2025
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Palm-Sized Lab-In-A-Magnetofluidic Tube Platform for Rapid and Sensitive Virus Detection.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article

88 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Matthew A LalliDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Joshua S LangmadeDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Xuhua ChenDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Catrina C FronickMcDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Christopher S SawyerMcDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Lauren C BurceaMcDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Michael N WilkinsonDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Robert S FultonDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Michael HeinzMcDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
William J BuchserDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Richard D HeadDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Robi D MitraDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
Jeffrey MilbrandtDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.

Funding

Washington University Center for Cellular ImagingP30CA091842 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI AIMEE S JAMES · 2001 to 2026
$128.0M
WU INSTITUTE OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCESUL1TR002345 · NCATS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI William G. Powderly · 2017 to 2026
$97.8M
Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational SciencesUL1TR000448 · NCATS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI EVANOFF, BRADLEY A · 2012 to 2016
$41.4M
WUIDDRC Supplement-Supporting the health and well-being of children with intellectual and developmental disability during COVID-19 pandemicP50HD103525 · NICHD · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI JOSEPH D DOUGHERTY, Natasha Marrus · 2020 to 2026
$15.5M
PARALLEL ANALYSIS OF TRANSCRIPTION AND PROTEIN-DNAINTERACTIONS IN SINGLE CNS CELLSRF1MH117070 · NIMH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI DOUGHERTY, JOSEPH D, MITRA, ROBI D · 2018 to 2020
$3.2M
DISSECTING NEURAL CELL FATE SPECIFICATION USING TRANSPOSON CALLING CARDSR01NS076993 · NINDS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI MITRA, ROBI D · 2012 to 2016
$1.6M
COOPERATIVITY AND COLLECTIVE BINDING IN TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-DNA INTERACTIONSR01GM123203 · NIGMS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI MITRA, ROBI D · 2018 to 2021
$1.6M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000448NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002345NCI NIH HHS P30 CA091842NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD103525NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM123203NIMH NIH HHS RF1 MH117070NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS076993
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRapid, reliable, and widespread testing is required to curtail the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Current gold-standard nucleic acid tests are hampered by supply shortages in critical reagents including nasal swabs, RNA extraction kits, personal protective equipment, instrumentation, and labor.

methodsTo overcome these challenges, we developed a rapid colorimetric assay using reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) optimized on human saliva samples without an RNA purification step. We describe the optimization of saliva pretreatment protocols to enable analytically sensitive viral detection by RT-LAMP. We optimized the RT-LAMP reaction conditions and implemented high-throughput unbiased methods for assay interpretation. We tested whether saliva pretreatment could also enable viral detection by conventional reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Finally, we validated these assays on clinical samples.

resultsThe optimized saliva pretreatment protocol enabled analytically sensitive extraction-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 from saliva by colorimetric RT-LAMP or RT-qPCR. In simulated samples, the optimized RT-LAMP assay had a limit of detection of 59 (95% confidence interval: 44-104) particle copies per reaction. We highlighted the flexibility of LAMP assay implementation using 3 readouts: naked-eye colorimetry, spectrophotometry, and real-time fluorescence. In a set of 30 clinical saliva samples, colorimetric RT-LAMP and RT-qPCR assays performed directly on pretreated saliva samples without RNA extraction had accuracies greater than 90%.

conclusionsRapid and extraction-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 from saliva by colorimetric RT-LAMP is a simple, sensitive, and cost-effective approach with broad potential to expand diagnostic testing for the virus causing COVID-19.

Indexed as

ColorimetryCOVID-19COVID-19 Nucleic Acid TestingEndopeptidase KHumansLimit of DetectionNucleic Acid Amplification TechniquesPandemicsPoint-of-Care TestingRNA, ViralSalivaSARS-CoV-2Endopeptidase KRNA, Viralacute respiratory syndromecost-effectiveCOVID-19high-throughput testingLAMPpoint-of-care testingpreventive medicinerapid diagnosisRT-LAMPsalivaSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID33098427
PMCPMC7665435

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.