ArticleInternational journal of fertility & sterility2020
The Four-item Patient Health Questionnaire for Anxiety and Depression: A Validation Study in Infertile Patients.
Article in International journal of fertility & sterility, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluation of a novel eating disorder prevention programme (Australian diabetes body project) for young women with type 1 diabetes in a clinic setting: A randomized controlled trial protocol.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Trial
- Detecting anxiety and depression among infertile patients undergoing IVF-ET using the fertility quality of life and the patient health questionnaire-4 tools.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- The Invisible threshold of childbearing: an investigation of social trust and fertility intentions.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Coping styles and mental health outcomes in partners who have experienced a perinatal loss: a longitudinal study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The prevalence of perceived stress and depression in women facing abortion and related obstetric and non-obstetric risk factors: a cross-sectional study.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- Reliability and convergent validity of the PHQ-2 for the rapid detection of depressive symptoms in healthcare professionals in Argentina.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Validation of the Japanese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4-J) to screen for depression and anxiety.Discover mental health · 2024Article
- Psychometric properties of the ultra-brief self-report Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) to assess anxiety and depression in Arabic-speaking adults.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Psychometric network analysis of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) in Paraguayan general population.Psicologia, reflexao e critica : revista semestral do Departamento de Psicologia da UFRGS · 2024Article
- Article
- Factor structure of the patient health questionnaire-4 in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Psychometric Properties of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index among Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Countries.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The factor structure and measurement invariance of the PHQ-4 and the prevalence of depression and anxiety in a Southeast Asian context amid the COVID-19 pandemic.Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Validity and Reliability of the Self-administered Psycho-TherApy-SystemS (SELFPASS) Item Pool for the Daily Mood Tracking of Depressive Symptoms: Cross-sectional Web-Based Survey.JMIR mental health · 2021Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe most common mental disorders in infertile patients are depression and anxiety. The four-item Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) is a widely used tool that consists of the PHQ-2 depression and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2) scales. Given that PHQ-4 has not been validated in infertile patients, this study aimed to examine its reliability and validity in this population. MATERIALS AND
methodsParticipants in this cross-sectional study consisted of 539 infertile patients from a referral fertility centre in Tehran, Iran. The PHQ-4, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), World Health Organisation- Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5), Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) and demographic/infertility questionnaires were administered to all participants. Factor structure and internal consistency of PHQ-4 were evaluated via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. The convergent validity of this scale was examined by its relationship with HADS, WHO-5 and PSWQ.
resultsCFA results provided support for a two-factor model of PHQ-4. Internal consistency of the PHQ-4 and its subscales both were elevated with Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.767 (PHQ-4), 0.780 (PHQ-2) and 0.814 (GAD-2). Inter-item correlations were between 0.386 and 0.639, and corrected item-total correlations were between 0.576 and 0.687. PHQ-4, PHQ-2 and GAD-2 showed positive correlations with measures of HADS-anxiety, HADS-depression, and PSWQ and negative correlations with WHO-5, which confirmed convergent validity. Among demographic/fertility variables, we observed that gender, infertility duration, and failure in previous treatment were correlated with PHQ-4 and its subscales scores.
conclusionThe PHQ-4 is a reliable and valid ultra-brief screening instrument for measuring both anxiety and depressive symptoms in infertile patients.
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