Observational studyThe Laryngoscope2021
Management of Head and Neck Cancers With or Without Comorbid HIV Infection in Botswana.
Observational study in The Laryngoscope, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Survival among medically insured and treated head and neck cancer patients with and without HIV in South Africa.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Impact of HIV status on overall survival in head and neck cancers by anatomical site and stage: A multi-center cohort study.Oral oncology · 2025Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Is Associated With Poor Overall Survival Among Patients With Head and Neck Cancer.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Disparities in Oral Cancer Stage at Presentation in a High HIV Prevalence Setting In Sub-Saharan Africa.JCO global oncology · 2022Review
- Long-term outcome of renal cell carcinoma in patients with HIV who undergo surgery.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Anemia Prevalence and Anthropometric Status of Indigenous Women and Young Children in Rural Botswana: The San People.Nutrients · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectives/hypothesisHead and neck cancer (HNC) is the fifth most common malignancy in sub-Saharan Africa, a region with hyperendemic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection. HIV patients have higher rates of HNC, yet the effect of HIV-infection on oncologic outcomes and treatment toxicity is poorly characterized. STUDY
designProspective observational cohort study.
methodsHNC patients attending a government-funded oncology clinic in Botswana were prospectively enrolled in an observational cohort registry from 2015 to 2019. Clinical characteristics were analyzed via Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression followed by secondary analysis by HIV-status. Overall survival (OS) was evaluated via Kaplan-Meier.
resultsThe study enrolled 149 patients with a median follow-up of 23 months. Patients presented with advanced disease (60% with T4-primaries), received limited treatment (19% chemotherapy, 8% surgery, 29% definitive radiation [RT]), and had delayed care (median time from diagnosis to RT of 2.5 months). Median OS was 36.2 months. Anemia was associated with worse survival (HR 2.74, P = .001). Grade ≥ 3 toxicity rate with RT was 30% and associated with mucosal subsite (OR 4.04, P = .03) and BMI < 20 kg/m
conclusionsDespite access to government-funded care, HNC patients in Botswana present late and have delays in care, which likely contributes to suboptimal survival outcomes. While a disproportionate number has comorbid HIV infection, HIV-status does not adversely affect outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2c Laryngoscope, 131:E1558-E1566, 2021.
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