Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33098029›Full record

ReviewHeart failure reviews2021

Serum potassium and heart failure: association, causation, and clinical implications.

Dimitrios Sfairopoulos, Angelos Arseniou, Panagiotis Korantzopoulos

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Heart failure reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Dimitrios SfairopoulosFirst Department of Cardiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, 45100, Ioannina, Greece.
Angelos ArseniouFirst Department of Cardiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, 45100, Ioannina, Greece.
Panagiotis KorantzopoulosFirst Department of Cardiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, 45100, Ioannina, Greece. p.korantzopoulos@yahoo.gr.ORCID 0000-0002-4228-3593
University of Ioannina · GR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Dyskalemia (hypo- and hyperkalemia) is a common clinical encounter in patients with heart failure (HF), linked to underlying pathophysiologic alterations, pharmacological treatments, and concomitant comorbidities. Both hypo- and hyperkalemia have been associated with a poor outcome in HF. However, it is not known if this association is causal. In order to investigate this relation, we implemented the Bradford Hill criteria for causation examining the available literature. Of note, hypokalemia and low-normal potassium levels (serum potassium < 4.0 mmol/L) appear to be associated with adverse clinical outcomes in HF in a cause-and-effect manner. Conversely, a cause-and-effect relationship between hyperkalemia (serum potassium > 5.0 mmol/L) and adverse clinical outcomes in HF appears unlikely. We also examined the benefits of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) therapy uptitration in patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction. In fact, hyperkalemia often limits RAASi use, thereby negating or mitigating their clinical benefits. Finally, serum potassium levels in HF should be maintained within the range of 4.0-5.0 mmol/L, and although the correction of hyperkalemia does not appear to improve clinical outcomes per se, it may enable the optimal titration of RAASi, offering indirect clinical benefit.

Indexed as

Heart FailureHyperkalemiaHypokalemiaHumansPotassiumRenin-Angiotensin SystemPotassiumHeart failureHyperkalemiaHypokalemiaMorbidityMortalityPotassium

Identifiers

PMID33098029
OpenAlexW3094152119

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.