SynthesisEnvironmental science and pollution research international2021
Association between postnatal second-hand smoke exposure and ADHD in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Secondhand smoke exposure and human health: an umbrella review.Nature human behaviour · 2026Pooled it
- Association between postnatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure controlling for prenatal exposure and conduct problems in children: A systematic review.Neurotoxicology · 2023Pooled it
- Shared and disorder-specific prenatal and perinatal risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders: a nationwide cohort study.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Early-life tobacco exposure elevating childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder risk: a two-sample Mendelian randomisation analysis.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Association between household secondhand smoke exposure and ADHD in US children aged 4-15 years: Evidence from NHANES 1999-2004.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Environmental Risk Factors of Conduct Disorder: An Overview of Meta-Analyses.Iranian journal of psychiatry · 2025Review
- Association between perceived exposure to secondhand smoke and depression independent of biomarker-measured exposure.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Associations of Involuntary Smoking with Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Suicidal Behaviors in Early Adulthood.Toxics · 2025Article
- Persistent Aggressive Behaviour From Childhood to Adolescence: The Influence of Environmental Tobacco Exposure and the Protective Role of Fish Consumption.Criminal behaviour and mental health : CBMH · 2025Article
- The influence of nutritional status, the home environment, and schooling on behavioral outcomes of hyperactivity and inattention among grade-school children in rural Nepal.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Parental Smoking and Risk of Allergic Conjunctivitis in Chinese Pediatric Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2025Article
- Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Children and Adolescents: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Co-Morbid Neuropsychiatric Conditions in a US Nationwide Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
- Exposure to Smoking as a Predictor of ADHD Subtypes Among Children Within Saudi Arabia: An Observational Study.Tobacco use insights · 2024Article
- A systematic meta-review of systematic reviews on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2023Review
- Evaluation of the frequency of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in patients with asthma.Clinical and molecular allergy : CMA · 2023Article
- Associations of household tobacco smoking status with childhood temperament among U.S. preschool-aged children.Journal of affective disorders · 2023Article
- Public Health Burden of Secondhand Smoking: Case Reports of Lung Cancer and a Literature Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder which is caused by the interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors such as second-hand smoke (SHS). The association between postnatal exposure to SHS and ADHD risk in children was still inconclusive. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the definite association. We searched for relevant studies from PubMed, Embase, Ovid, and Web of Science databases up to January 2020. We used random effect models to calculate pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analyses and sensitive analyses were also performed to solve the heterogeneity. According to our inclusion criteria, 9 studies including 6 cross-sectional studies, 2 cohort studies, and 1 case-control study were included in the final analysis. Postnatal exposure to SHS increased the risk of ADHD in children (OR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.37-1.87). Children who exposed to SHS were found a slight risk for conduct problems (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.00-1.77). Among the studies which used cotinine as a biomarker for SHS exposure, a lower pooled OR (OR = 1.16, 95%CI = 1.01, 1.33) was observed between cotinine and ADHD in children. Our meta-analysis results suggested that SHS exposure may be a risk factor for ADHD. We also found that SHS exposure may be associated with some adverse behavioral outcomes. More prospective studies should be conducted to confirm the relationship between SHS exposure and ADHD in children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.