Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33097950›Full record

ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2021

Neurological Soft Signs Predict Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Patients With Schizophrenia.

Robert C Wolf, Mahmoud Rashidi, Mike M Schmitgen, Stefan Fritze, Fabio Sambataro, Katharina M Kubera, Dusan Hirjak

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Neurological soft signs in borderline personality disorder and schizophrenia.Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Characterizing the sensorimotor domain in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2022
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Robert C WolfDepartment of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Mahmoud RashidiDepartment of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Mike M SchmitgenDepartment of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Stefan FritzeDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Fabio SambataroDepartment of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
Katharina M KuberaDepartment of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Dusan HirjakDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Heidelberg University · DEUniversity of Padua · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neurological soft signs (NSS) are well documented in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ), yet so far, the relationship between NSS and specific symptom expression is unclear. We studied 76 SZ patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine associations between NSS, positive symptoms, gray matter volume (GMV), and neural activity at rest. SZ patients were hypothesis-driven stratified according to the presence or absence of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH; n = 34 without vs 42 with AVH) according to the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Structural MRI data were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry, whereas intrinsic neural activity was investigated using regional homogeneity (ReHo) measures. Using ANCOVA, AVH patients showed significantly higher NSS in motor and integrative functions (IF) compared with non-hallucinating (nAVH) patients. Partial correlation revealed that NSS IF were positively associated with AVH symptom severity in AVH patients. Such associations were not confirmed for delusions. In region-of-interest ANCOVAs comprising the left middle and superior temporal gyri, right paracentral lobule, and right inferior parietal lobule (IPL) structure and function, significant differences between AVH and nAVH subgroups were not detected. In a binary logistic regression model, IF scores and right IPL ReHo were significant predictors of AVH. These data suggest significant interrelationships between sensorimotor integration abilities, brain structure and function, and AVH symptom expression.

Indexed as

CatatoniaCerebral CortexDyskinesiasGray MatterHallucinationsPerceptual DisordersPsychomotor PerformanceSchizophreniaAdultFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle Agedauditory verbal hallucinationsgray matter volumeMRIneurological soft signsregional homogeneity

Identifiers

PMID33097950
PMCPMC7965075
OpenAlexW3094163139

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.