Observational studyThe Journal of infectious diseases2021
Hepatitis A Person-to-Person Outbreaks: Epidemiology, Morbidity Burden, and Factors Associated With Hospitalization-Multiple States, 2016-2019.
Observational study in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Burden of Hepatitis A Outbreaks in the United States: Health Outcomes, Economic Costs, and Management Strategies.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Determining Herd Immunity Thresholds for Hepatitis A Virus Transmission to Inform Vaccination Strategies Among People Who Inject Drugs in 16 US States.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Pooled it
- Sex differences in hepatitis A virus infection in mice.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Hepatitis A to E in People with HIV: A Virus-Specific Review of Prevention and Treatment.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Review
- Environmental investigation of a hepatitis A outbreak associated with spring water consumption in an Anabaptist community: Kentucky, 2018-2019.Journal of water and health · 2026Article
- Sexually Transmitted Infections in adolescents and young adults: a growing public health challenge.Le infezioni in medicina · 2026Review
- Natural killer cells and IFN-γ protect against liver injury during HAV infection in mice.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Genomic Epidemiology of Resurgent Hepatitis A in Florida, 2018-2022.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Hepato-selective dihydroquinolizinones active against hepatitis A virus in vitro and in vivo.Antiviral research · 2025Article
- Liver diseases: epidemiology, causes, trends and predictions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Article
- Evolving Characteristics of Decedents With Hepatitis A Listed as a Cause of Death, United States, 2011-2021.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2024Article
- Detection ofmSphere · 2024Article
- Microfluidic point-of-care testing device for multiplexed detection of liver function blood markers.Biomedical optics express · 2024Article
- Article
- The Shifting Epidemiology of Hepatitis A in the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Durability of serologic responses to inactivated hepatitis A virus vaccination among people living with HIV following acute hepatitis A outbreak: a 5-year follow-up study.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Cell entry and release of quasi-enveloped human hepatitis viruses.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2023Review
- Hepatitis a Vaccine as Opportunity of Primary Prevention for Food Handlers: A Narrative Review.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Trends and Opportunities: Hepatitis A Virus Infection, Seroprevalence, and Vaccination Coverage-United States, 1976-2020.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSince 2016, the United States has experienced person-to-person hepatitis A outbreaks unprecedented in the vaccine era. The proportion of cases hospitalized in these outbreaks exceeds historical national surveillance data.
methodsWe described the epidemiology, characterized the reported increased morbidity, and identified factors associated with hospitalization during the outbreaks by reviewing a 10% random sample of outbreak-associated hepatitis A cases in Kentucky, Michigan, and West Virginia-3 heavily affected states. We calculated descriptive statistics and conducted age-adjusted log-binomial regression analyses to identify factors associated with hospitalization.
resultsParticipants in the random sample (n = 817) were primarily male (62.5%) with mean age of 39.0 years; 51.8% were hospitalized. Among those with available information, 73.2% reported drug use, 14.0% were experiencing homelessness, 29.7% were currently or recently incarcerated, and 61.6% were epidemiologically linked to a known outbreak-associated case. Residence in Michigan (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 1.8), being a man who has sex with men (aRR = 1.5), noninjection drug use (aRR = 1.3), and homelessness (aRR = 1.3) were significantly (P < .05) associated with hepatitis A-related hospitalization.
conclusionsOur findings support current Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations to vaccinate all persons who use drugs, men who have sex with men, and persons experiencing homelessness against hepatitis A.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.