ArticleESMO open2020
Responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors versus other systemic therapies in RET-aberrant malignancies.
Article in ESMO open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cabozantinib for different endocrine tumours: killing two birds with one stone. A systematic review of the literature.Endocrine · 2024Pooled it
- Selpercatinib in Patients WithJournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2023Trial
- Immunotherapy in Oncogene-Addicted NSCLC: Evidence and Therapeutic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Identification of Key Genes and Pathways in Lenvatinib-resistant Hepatocellular Carcinoma using Bioinformatic Analysis and Experimental Validation.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Review
- Response to immune checkpoint inhibitor combination therapy in metastatic RET-mutated lung cancer from real-world retrospective data.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- The roles of cancer stem cell-derived secretory factors in shaping the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Efficacy of first-line treatment options beyond RET-TKIs in advanced RET-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer: A multi-center real-world study.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Responses to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in RET-Aberrant Digestive Tract Tumours.Targeted oncology · 2023Article
- Targeting RET Solvent-Front Mutants with Alkynyl Nicotinamide-Based Inhibitors.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2023Article
- RET Fusion-Positive Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: The Evolving Treatment Landscape.The oncologist · 2023Review
- Progress and challenges in RET-targeted cancer therapy.Frontiers of medicine · 2023Review
- At the crossroads of immunotherapy for oncogene-addicted subsets of NSCLC.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2023Review
- RET aberrant cancers and RET inhibitor therapies: Current state-of-the-art and future perspectives.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2023Review
- Lenvatinib resistance mechanism and potential ways to conquer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- A comprehensive overview of the relationship between RET gene and tumor occurrence.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Molecular mechanisms of resistance to kinase inhibitors and redifferentiation in thyroid cancers.Endocrine-related cancer · 2022Review
- Review
- Immunotherapy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Driver Alterations: A New Strategy?Cells · 2022Review
- Evaluation of the Molecular Landscape in PD-L1 Positive Metastatic NSCLC: Data from Campania, Italy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe receptor tyrosine kinase rearranged during transfection (RET) can be oncogenically activated by gene fusions or point mutations. Multikinase inhibitors such as cabozantinib, lenvatinib and vandetanib have demonstrated activity in RET-dependent malignancies, and selective RET inhibitors (Selpercatinib and Pralsetinib) are in clinical trials. However, the responsiveness of RET-dependent malignancies to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is unknown. We compared the time to treatment discontinuation (TTD) for ICI versus non-ICI therapy in patients with malignancies harbouring activating RET mutations or fusions (RET+).
methodsA retrospective review of all RET+ patients who were referred to the phase I clinical trials programme at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center was conducted. TTD was estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model was performed to identify independent risk factors of treatment discontinuation.
resultsOf 70 patients who received systemic therapy for RET+ malignancies, 20 (28.6%) received ICI and 50 (71.4%) received non-ICI therapy. Non-ICI therapy was associated with decreased risk for treatment discontinuation compared with ICI in the overall population (HR=0.31; 95% CI 0.16-0.62; p=0.000834) and in patients with RET point mutations (HR=0.13; 95% CI 0.04-0.45; p=0.00134). In patients with RET fusions, non-ICI therapy was associated with a non-statistically significant decreased risk of treatment discontinuation (HR=0.59; 95% CI 0.25-1.4; p=0.24). ICI therapy and a diagnosis other than medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) were independent risk factors for treatment discontinuation.
conclusionOur study supports the prioritisation of non-ICI over ICI therapy in patients with RET+ tumours.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.