ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Calcium Modulation, Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Skin Allergens Targeting the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease Cellular Models.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Emerging Role of Dimethyl Fumarate in Alzheimer's Disease-A Systematic Review of Available Preclinical Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Intranasal Administration of Isoeugenol Improves Memory Deficits in APP/PS1 Old Mice-A Role Beyond Nrf2 Activation?FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Dimethyl fumarate and mitochondrial physiology: implications for neurological disorders.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Comparative activity of dimethyl fumarate derivative IDMF in three models relevant to multiple sclerosis and psoriasis.FEBS open bio · 2025Article
- Inflammasomes in Alzheimer's Progression: Nrf2 as a Preventive Target.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Targeting NRF2 With Isoeugenol: A Promising Small Molecule for Neurodegenerative, Metabolic, and Chronic Inflammatory Disorders.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2025Review
- Chronotherapeutic neuroprotective effect of verapamil against lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation in mice through modulation of calcium-dependent genes.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Experimental evidence highlights nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) as a molecular target in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The well-known effect of electrophilic cysteine-reactive skin allergens on Nrf2-activation led to the hypothesis that these compounds could have a therapeutic role in AD. This was further supported by the neuroprotective activity of the skin allergen dimethyl fumarate (DMF), demonstrated in in vivo models of neurodegenerative diseases. We evaluated the effect of the cysteine-reactive allergens 1,4-phenylenediamine (PPD) and methyl heptine carbonate (MHC) on (1) neuronal redox imbalance and calcium dyshomeostasis using N2a wild-type (N2a-wt) and human APP-overexpressing neuronal cells (wild-type, N2a-APPwt) and (2) on neuroinflammation, using microglia BV-2 cells exposed to LPS (lipopolysaccharide). Phthalic anhydride (PA, mainly lysine-reactive), was used as a negative control. DMF, PPD and MHC increased Hmox1 gene and HMOX1 protein levels in N2a-APPwt cells suggesting Nrf2-dependent antioxidant activity. MHC, but also PA, rescued N2a-APPwt mitochondrial membrane potential and calcium levels in a Nrf2-independent pathway. All the chemicals showed anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing iNOS protein in microglia. This work highlights the potential neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory role of the selected skin allergens in in vitro models of AD, and supports further studies envisaging the validation of the results using in vivo AD models.
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Registered trials
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