ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2020
Clinical Application of Virtual Reality for Upper Limb Motor Rehabilitation in Stroke: Review of Technologies and Clinical Evidence.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 95 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Combined Transcranial Pulse Current Stimulation (tPCS) and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on Lower Limb Motor Function in Subacute to Chronic Stroke Patients With Hemiplegia: A Double-blind, Sham-controlled, Randomized Controlled Study
Effects of Virtual Reality-Enhanced Rehabilitation on Upper Limb Recovery in Acute Post-Stroke Patients: a Pilot Study
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 218 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of virtual reality exercise on motor function, balance and gait function, and cognitive function in stroke patients: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of virtual reality-based upper limb training on activity of daily living and quality of life among stroke survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- Digital health intervention in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation: systematic review and meta-analysis.F1000Research · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of EMG-based robot for upper extremity rehabilitation on post-stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Impact of Virtual Reality-Based Therapies on Cognition and Mental Health of Stroke Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Pooled it
- Leap Motion Controller Video Game-Based Therapy for Upper Extremity Motor Recovery in Patients with Central Nervous System Diseases. A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of self-directed game-based virtual reality program on upper-limb motor recovery in mild-to-moderate ischemic stroke: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2026Trial
- Immersive virtual reality upper-limb exercises in people with Parkinson's disease: an observer-blinded randomised controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Trial
- Immersive versus non-immersive virtual reality in improving upper limb function among individuals with subacute hemiplegia: a randomized controlled trial.BMC neurology · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Effect of tDCS Concurrent With VR-Based Robotic Intervention on Hemiplegic Upper Limb Function After Subacute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Study.Neural plasticity · 2025Trial
- Acupuncture Alters Brain's Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity in Stroke Patients with Motor Dysfunction: A Randomised Controlled Neuroimaging Trial.Neural plasticity · 2023Trial
- Muscle Energy Technique plus Neurac Method in Stroke Patients with Hemiplegia Complicated by Diabetes Mellitus and Assessment of Quality of Life.Disease markers · 2022Trial
- Effects of Virtual Reality-Based Intervention Combined With Conventional Therapy on Upper-Limb Function in Children With Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.JMIR serious games · 2026Review
- The Moderating Role of Virtual Arm Embodiment for Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Stroke Patients with Proprioceptive Deficit: A Pilot Study.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Global Trends in Virtual Reality Research on Motor Rehabilitation from 2005 to 2025: A Bibliometric Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Usability, Acceptability, and Feasibility of a Personalized Adaptive Mirror Therapy for Upper-Limb Poststroke Rehabilitation Using Immersive Virtual Reality and Myoelectric Control: Single-Arm Pre-Post Study.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies · 2026Article
- Virtual Reality-Assisted Rehabilitation for Upper-Limb Function in Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Older Adults' Experiences of Commercial Virtual Reality for Stroke Rehabilitation: A Mixed-Methods Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Neurorehabilitation for stroke is important for upper limb motor recovery. Conventional rehabilitation such as occupational therapy has been used, but novel technologies are expected to open new opportunities for better recovery. Virtual reality (VR) is a technology with a set of informatics that provides interactive environments to patients. VR can enhance neuroplasticity and recovery after a stroke by providing more intensive, repetitive, and engaging training due to several advantages, including: (1) tasks with various difficulty levels for rehabilitation, (2) augmented real-time feedback, (3) more immersive and engaging experiences, (4) more standardized rehabilitation, and (5) safe simulation of real-world activities of daily living. In this comprehensive narrative review of the application of VR in motor rehabilitation after stroke, mainly for the upper limbs, we cover: (1) the technologies used in VR rehabilitation, including sensors; (2) the clinical application of and evidence for VR in stroke rehabilitation; and (3) considerations for VR application in stroke rehabilitation. Meta-analyses for upper limb VR rehabilitation after stroke were identified by an online search of Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed. We expect that this review will provide insights into successful clinical applications or trials of VR for motor rehabilitation after stroke.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.