ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2021
Microbiota metabolites modulate the T helper 17 to regulatory T cell (Th17/Treg) imbalance promoting resilience to stress-induced anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 152 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of caffeine on neuroinflammation in anxiety and depression: a systematic review of rodent studies.Translational psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Related Neuropathies Post-Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review of Clinical Cases and Outcomes.Obesity surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Psychobiotics in Depression: Sources, Metabolites, and Treatment-A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Decoding and reconstructing disease relations between dry eye and depression: a multimodal investigation comprising meta-analysis, genetic pathways and Mendelian randomization.Journal of advanced research · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of exercise therapy on anxiety and depression in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Oral Administration of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KBL396 Regulates Serum 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Gut Microbiota: Evidence from a Preclinical Mouse Model and a Randomized Controlled Human Trial.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Trial
- SCTR-Expressing Astrocyte-Serotonergic Neuron Signaling Drives Sexual Dimorphism in Depression Through KAT7/H4ac-Foxc2 Epigenetic Axis in an AMPK-Dependent Manner.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Oral probiotic delivery-based therapeutic strategies for inflammatory bowel disease.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Review
- Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling in Aging: A Key Modulator of Brain Homeostasis.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- The gut-bone-inflammation axis: intestinal barrier disruption as a central driver of osteoporosis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Review
- 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic Acid Attenuates Colitis-Associated Cognitive Dysfunction via IFITM3-Related Gut-Brain Axis Inflammation.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2026Article
- Current Perspectives on the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis of Microbiota and the Gut-Brain Axis, and Emerging Therapeutics.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Genetically determined causality between immune cells and anxiety disorders: A Mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Symbiotic in Alzheimer's disease: modulating the gut-brain axis for neuroimmune homeostasis and cognitive protection.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Neuronal expression of Retinoid-Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORγ) and revisiting its role in the Central Nervous System.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Muribaculum intestinale alleviates depressive-like behaviors by inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation and M1 microglia polarization.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Depression: Pathological Correlations, Molecular Pathways, and Therapeutic Interventions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The emerging role of T cells in depression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiota-Driven Pathways Linking Chronic Stress to Tumor Progression.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic stress disrupts immune homeostasis while gut microbiota-derived metabolites attenuate inflammation, thus promoting resilience to stress-induced immune and behavioral abnormalities. There are both peripheral and brain region-specific maladaptations of the immune response to chronic stress that produce interrelated mechanistic considerations required for the design of novel therapeutic strategies for prevention of stress-induced psychological impairment. This study shows that a combination of probiotics and polyphenol-rich prebiotics, a synbiotic, attenuates the chronic-stress induced inflammatory responses in the ileum and the prefrontal cortex promoting resilience to the consequent depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in male mice. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that this effect may be attributed to specific synbiotic-produced metabolites including 4-hydroxyphenylpropionic, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and caffeic acid. Using a model of chronic unpredictable stress, behavioral abnormalities were associated to strong immune cell activation and recruitment in the ileum while inflammasome pathways were implicated in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Chronic stress also upregulated the ratio of activated proinflammatory T helper 17 (Th17) to regulatory T cells (Treg) in the liver and ileum and it was predicted with ingenuity pathway analysis that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) could be driving the synbiotic's effect on the ileum's inflammatory response to stress. Synbiotic treatment indiscriminately attenuated the stress-induced immune and behavioral aberrations in both the ileum and the brain while in a gut-immune co-culture model, the synbiotic-specific metabolites promoted anti-inflammatory activity through the AHR. Overall, this study characterizes a novel synbiotic treatment for chronic-stress induced behavioral impairments while defining a putative mechanism of gut-microbiota host interaction for modulating the peripheral and brain immune systems.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.