ArticleBlood advances2020
Diagnostic biomarkers to differentiate sepsis from cytokine release syndrome in critically ill children.
Article in Blood advances, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prediction models for CAR-T Cell therapy-related adverse events in hematologic malignancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Critical complications in cancer patients admitted to the ICU in the era of immunotherapy: recognition, differential diagnosis, and management.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- FKBP5 Mediates Alveolar Fibroblast Necroptosis During Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Cell proliferation · 2026Article
- Cytokine release syndrome complicated with sepsis induced by tislelizumab in a patient with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Recurrent Cytokine Release Syndrome in Metastatic Gastric Cancer on Nivolumab-FOLFOX: A Case Report and Mechanistic Review.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2025Article
- Key Common Genes with LTF and MMP9 Between Sepsis and Relapsed B-Cell Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Cytokine release syndrome in solid tumors.Cancer · 2025Review
- Mitigation and Management of Common Toxicities Associated with the Administration of CAR-T Therapies in Oncology Patients.Drug safety · 2025Review
- Sex-specific activation of platelet purinergic signaling is key in local cytokine release and phagocytosis in the peritoneal cavity in intra-abdominal sepsis.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2025Article
- Serum cytokine panels in pediatric clinical practice.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Article
- Proposed observational study protocol for early differentiation of cytokine release syndrome and sepsis in CAR-T recipients with haematological malignancies using the IL-6/PCT ratio: the DRACARYS study.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance profile, associated risk factors and management of carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in children under 5 with suspected sepsis in Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: Exploring IL-6 Signaling and Cytokine-Microbiome Interactions as Emerging Therapeutic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- A brief overview of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its management strategies: a recent update.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2024Review
- Article
- Cytokine-based models for efficient differentiation between infection and cytokine release syndrome in patients with hematological malignancies.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2024Article
- Identification of early predictive biomarkers for severe cytokine release syndrome in pediatric patients with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Tocilizumab and CytoSorb for delayed severe cytokine release syndrome after ipilimumab plus nivolumab immunotherapy.Immunotherapy · 2024Article
- An early regulatory mechanism of hyperinflammation by restricting monocyte contribution.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Outcomes of CAR-T Cell Therapy Recipients Admitted to the ICU: In Search for a Standard of Care-A Brief Overview and Meta-Analysis of Proportions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
28 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells directed against CD19 have drastically altered outcomes for children with relapsed and refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (r/r ALL). Pediatric patients with r/r ALL treated with CAR-T are at increased risk of both cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and sepsis. We sought to investigate the biologic differences between CRS and sepsis and to develop predictive models which could accurately differentiate CRS from sepsis at the time of critical illness. We identified 23 different cytokines that were significantly different between patients with sepsis and CRS. Using elastic net prediction modeling and tree classification, we identified cytokines that were able to classify subjects as having CRS or sepsis accurately. A markedly elevated interferon γ (IFNγ) or a mildly elevated IFNγ in combination with a low IL1β were associated with CRS. A normal to mildly elevated IFNγ in combination with an elevated IL1β was associated with sepsis. This combination of IFNγ and IL1β was able to categorize subjects as having CRS or sepsis with 97% accuracy. As CAR-T therapies become more common, these data provide important novel information to better manage potential associated toxicities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.