ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2021
Association Between Immune Response to Cytomegalovirus and Cognition in the Health and Retirement Study.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- "We adjusted for race": now what? A systematic review of utilization and reporting of race in American Journal of Epidemiology and Epidemiology, 2020-2021.Epidemiologic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Associations between immunosenescence and domain-specific cognition in the Health and Retirement Study Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol.BMC biology · 2026Article
- Recent Insights into the Role of Herpesviridae in Alzheimer's Disease: A Structured Narrative Review Based on a Systematic Literature Search.Neurology international · 2026Review
- The association of common infectious exposures with cognitive performance in community-dwelling older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Relationship between cytomegalovirus antibody levels and cognitive performance is dependent on age and genetic risk.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Human cytomegalovirus infection and cognitive decline: insights from population and experimental studies.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- The Wide Spectrum of Presentations of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Immunocompetent Hosts: An Exhaustive Narrative Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and Neurocognitive and Neuropsychiatric Health.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Cognitive Effects ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Immunosenescence and Cytomegalovirus: Exploring Their Connection in the Context of Aging, Health, and Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Anti-CMV IgG Seropositivity is Associated with Plasma Biomarker Evidence of Amyloid-β Accumulation.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
- Negative Association of Cognitive Performance With Blood Serum Neurotoxicity and Its Modulation by Human Herpes Virus 5 (HHV5) Seropositivity in Healthy Women.Neuroscience insights · 2024Article
- Prevalence of active cytomegalovirus infection at diagnosis of ovarian cancer and during chemotherapy and subsequent changes in cognitive functioning.BMC cancer · 2023Article
- Assessing out-of-pocket expenses and indirect costs for the Alzheimer disease continuum in the United States.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2023Article
- Aged brain and neuroimmune responses to COVID-19: post-acute sequelae and modulatory effects of behavioral and nutritional interventions.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2023Review
- Limited evidence of a shared genetic relationship between C-reactive protein levels and cognitive function in older UK adults of European ancestry.Frontiers in dementia · 2023Article
- Links between inflammation and immune functioning with cognitive status among older Americans in the Health and Retirement Study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Article
- Herpes simplex virus and rates of cognitive decline or whole brain atrophy in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2022Article
- New Insights into the Molecular Interplay between Human Herpesviruses and Alzheimer's Disease-A Narrative Review.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Cross sectional association between cytomegalovirus seropositivity, inflammation and cognitive impairment in elderly cancer survivors.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic infections and the subsequent immune response have recently been shown to be risk factors for cognitive decline and Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD). While some studies have shown an association between cytomegalovirus (CMV), a chronic and highly prevalent infection, and cognition and/or ADRD, these studies have been limited by nonrepresentative and small samples. Using 2016 data on 5,617 adults aged 65 years or more from the Health and Retirement Study, we investigated the cross-sectional associations of both CMV serostatus and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response with cognitive function using linear regression models adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment. We further investigated potential effect-measure modification by educational attainment. Overall, both CMV seropositivity and higher IgG antibody response were associated with lower cognitive function, though the relationship was not statistically significant in adjusted models. Among participants with less than a high school diploma, CMV seropositivity and being in the first tertile of IgG response, relative to seronegative persons, were associated with lower scores on the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (-0.56 points (95% confidence interval: -1.63, 0.52) and -0.89 points (95% confidence interval: -2.07, 0.29), respectively), and the relationship was attenuated among those with higher education. Our results suggest that CMV may be a risk factor for cognitive impairment, particularly among persons with fewer educational resources.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.