ReviewPaediatric drugs2020
Postoperative Pain Management in Pediatric Spinal Fusion Surgery for Idiopathic Scoliosis.
Review in Paediatric drugs, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 45 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Rapid Postoperative Recovery (Fast-track) Pathway in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: a Pilot Study
Perioperative IV Steroid Administration Lowers Post-operative Pain Levels and Opioid Use in Pediatric Patients After Posterior Spinal Fusion and Instrumentation for Spine Deformity.
A Prospective Study Comparing Total Intravenous Anesthesia With Propofol and Remifentanil vs. Propofol and Dexmedetomidine in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients Undergoing Posterior Spinal Fusion and Instrumentation
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pulmonary function does not improve after 10 years of posterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Pooled it
- Postoperative pain management strategies following selective dorsal rhizotomy in pediatric cerebral palsy patients: a systematic review of published regimens.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2024Pooled it
- The efficacy and safety of ketorolac for postoperative pain management in lumbar spine surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy of perioperative gabapentin use in patients with idiopathic scoliosis undergoing fusion surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2023Pooled it
- Perioperative Low-Dose Ketamine for Postoperative Pain Management in Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Pain research & management · 2022Pooled it
- Increasing dose of esketamine for supplemental analgesia after complex spinal fusion surgery: a randomized and double-blind trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Trial
- Perioperative Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion Therapy as an Adjunct to Multimodal Analgesia for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgical Correction: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.Paediatric anaesthesia · 2025Trial
- Effects of Intranasal dexmedetomidine and esketamine for premedication on postoperative pain after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in children: a randomized clinical trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of conditioning + open-label placebo for post-operative pain management in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Pain management · 2025Trial
- Integrated drainage-analgesia in thoracoscopic surgery: cautionary optimism amidst evolving multimodal guidelines.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Multimodal strategies for alleviating postoperative pain in children: a narrative review on research progress and evidence-based practice.Translational pediatrics · 2026Review
- An Update on Pain Management in Pediatric Spine Surgery.Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine · 2026Review
- Sex-related differences in pain following posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a retrospective cohort study.Spine deformity · 2026Article
- Intraoperative Low-Dose Methadone for Pediatric Posterior Spinal Fusion: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Implementation of Virtual Reality for Postoperative Recovery in an Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Population: A Prospective Pilot Study.Pediatric neurosurgery · 2026Article
- Multi-Institutional Study of Multimodal Analgesia Practice, Pain Trajectories, and Recovery Trends After Spine Fusion for Idiopathic Scoliosis.Anesthesia and analgesia · 2025Article
- The consensus statement of the Section of Paediatric Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy of the Polish Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy on anaesthesia in children over 3 years of age.Anaesthesiology intensive therapy · 2025Article
- Answer to the Letter to the Editor of Z. Guo, et al. concerning "Pulmonary function does not improve after 10 years of posterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis" by Burgos J, et al. (Eur Spine J [2025]: doi: 10.1007/s00586-025-08831-y).European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Article
- Pain catastrophizers undergoing posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for idiopathic scoliosis have lower preoperative SRS-30 scores but do not require increased postoperative narcotics.Spine deformity · 2025Article
- Comprehensive Approaches to Pain Management in Postoperative Spinal Surgery Patients: Advanced Strategies and Future Directions.Neurology international · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This article reviews and summarizes current evidence and knowledge gaps regarding postoperative analgesia after pediatric posterior spine fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, a common procedure that results in severe acute postoperative pain. Inadequate analgesia may delay recovery, cause patient dissatisfaction, and increase chronic pain risk. Despite significant adverse effects, opioids are the analgesic mainstay after scoliosis surgery. However, growing emphasis on opioid minimization and enhanced recovery has increased adoption of multimodal analgesia (MMA) regimens. While opioid adverse effects remain a concern, MMA protocols must also consider risks and benefits of adjunct medications. We discuss use of opioids via different administration routes and elaborate on the effect of MMA components on opioid/pain and recovery outcomes including upcoming regional analgesia. We also discuss risk for prolonged opioid use after surgery and chronic post-surgical pain risk in this population. Evidence supports use of neuraxial opioids at safe doses, low-dose ketorolac, and methadone for postoperative analgesia. There may be a role for low-dose ketamine in those who are opioid-tolerant or have chronic pain, but the evidence for preoperative gabapentinoids and intravenous lidocaine is currently insufficient. There is a need for further studies to evaluate pediatric-specific optimal MMA dosing regimens after scoliosis surgery. Questions remain regarding how best to prevent acute opioid tolerance, opioid-induced hyperalgesia, and chronic postsurgical pain. We anticipate that this timely update will enable clinicians to develop efficient pain regimens and provide impetus for future research to optimize recovery outcomes after spine fusion.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.