ArticleAdvances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)2021
Perspective: Ketone Supplementation in Sports-Does It Work?
Article in Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06365957 (Acute Changes in Cardiometabolic and Neurocognitive Outcomes in Response to Exercise Combined With Ketone Ester Supplement in Overweight/Obese Adults), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Acute Changes in Cardiometabolic and Neurocognitive Outcomes in Response to Exercise Combined With Ketone Ester Supplement in Overweight/Obese Adults
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ketone supplementation dose-dependently lowers postprandial blood glucose, lipid and ghrelin levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomised crossover study.Diabetologia · 2026 · on this mapTrial
- Ketone Ester Supplementation Improves Some Aspects of Cognitive Function during a Simulated Soccer Match after Induced Mental Fatigue.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Ketogenic diet and ketone salts differentially improve cardiometabolic complications in an HFpEF rat model.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Ketone Supplementation in Trained and Physically Active Individuals: Effects on Athletic Performance and Metabolic Variables-A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The science of ketogenic supplements for athletes: boosting endurance, efficiency, and energy metabolism.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Review
- Ketogenic-Mimicking Diet as a Therapeutic Modality for Bipolar Disorder: Biomechanistic Rationale and Protocol for a Pilot Clinical Trial.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Patient-Reported Experiences with a Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet: An International Survey in Patients with McArdle Disease.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Exogenous Ketone Supplements in Athletic Contexts: Past, Present, and Future.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Review
- Fueling Gut Microbes: A Review of the Interaction between Diet, Exercise, and the Gut Microbiota in Athletes.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oral ketone supplements have gained popularity in recent years. There is biological rationale for a potential ergogenic effect of this type of supplement, as they might not only alter muscle fuel preference during exercise (and promote glycogen sparing, with potential benefits for endurance performance) but also favor cognition performance during exertion or muscle glycogen synthesis after exercise. However, as discussed in this Perspective, evidence to date does not support a benefit of acute ketone supplementation on sports performance, cognition, or muscle recovery [although further research with long-duration exercise (i.e., >60 min), is needed], and the evidence for chronic supplementation is sparse. In addition, acute intake of ketone supplements might be associated with gastrointestinal symptoms, and further research is warranted on the long-term safety of repeated use of ketone supplements. In summary, there is currently insufficient evidence to support the overall effectiveness of ketone supplements in sports.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.