ArticleScientific reports2020
Transport of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (2 nm) across the blood-brain barrier in a six-cell brain spheroid model.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of the make-up and properties of in vitro models of the healthy and diseased blood-brain barrier.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Pooled it
- New approach methodologies in nanomedicine: bridging the gap betweenChemical Society reviews · 2026Review
- Construction and Applicability Scenarios of 3D Neurovascular Unit Models In Vitro.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Development of Surfactant-Modified Liposomal Lomustine to Improve Blood-Brain Barrier Transport and Therapeutic Outcomes in Glioblastoma.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Article
- Plant-mediated green nanoparticles: combining nanometal and biometabolite potential for Alzheimer's treatment.Biomedical engineering online · 2026Review
- Vascularised Brain Organoids: Engineering Strategies and Neurobiological Applications.Cell proliferation · 2026Review
- Small Particles, Big Impact: Inorganic Nanotechnology for Glioblastoma.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Mechanical forces from intercellular peptide self-assembly drive spheroid formation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Review
- Engineering Nanocarriers for Dopamine Stabilization and Targeted Brain Delivery: Mechanisms, Approaches and Translational Challenges.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Exploring Dopamine Neurotransmitter and Silver Nanocluster (AgACS omega · 2025Article
- Pre-clinical evaluation of mRNA-lipid nanoparticles' potency and toxicity: current practices and future directions.In vitro models · 2025Review
- Rational Design and Applications of Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles.Topics in current chemistry (Cham) · 2025Review
- Breaking barriers: exploring blood-brain barrier crossing mechanisms with nanomedicine for effective glioma treatment.3 Biotech · 2025Review
- Review
- The blood-brain barriers: novel nanocarriers for central nervous system diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Nanotherapeutics for Meningitis: Enhancing Drug Delivery Across the Blood-Brain Barrier.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Multiple sclerosis: etiology in the context of neurovascular unit and immune system involvement and advancements withFrontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Harnessing 3D cell models and high-resolution imaging to unveil the mechanisms of nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an efficient barrier for molecules and drugs. Multicellular 3D spheroids display reproducible BBB features and functions. The spheroids used here were composed of six brain cell types: Astrocytes, pericytes, endothelial cells, microglia cells, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. They form an in vitro BBB that regulates the transport of compounds into the spheroid. The penetration of fluorescent ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (core diameter 2 nm; hydrodynamic diameter 3-4 nm) across the BBB was studied as a function of time by confocal laser scanning microscopy, with the dissolved fluorescent dye (FAM-alkyne) as a control. The nanoparticles readily entered the interior of the spheroid, whereas the dissolved dye alone did not penetrate the BBB. We present a model that is based on a time-dependent opening of the BBB for nanoparticles, followed by a rapid diffusion into the center of the spheroid. After the spheroids underwent hypoxia (0.1% O
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.