SynthesisBMC neurology2020
Effect of brain-computer interface training based on non-invasive electroencephalography using motor imagery on functional recovery after stroke - a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07553416 (A Prospective, Randomized, Parallel-Controlled Clinical Study Protocol of Non-Invasive Brain Computer Interface Robot Based on Mirror Rehabilitation Theory in the Treatment of Upper Limb Motor Function Disorder After Stroke), which is not on this map. Cited by 38 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective, Randomized, Parallel-Controlled Clinical Study Protocol of Non-Invasive Brain Computer Interface Robot Based on Mirror Rehabilitation Theory in the Treatment of Upper Limb Motor Function Disorder After Stroke
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy of Brain-Computer Interface Therapy for Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Chronic Stroke: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of brain-computer interface based training on post-stroke upper-limb rehabilitation: a meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of brain-computer interface for stroke rehabilitation: an overview of systematic review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Hand-worn devices for assessment and rehabilitation of motor function and their potential use in BCI protocols: a review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- The Application of Brain-Computer Interface in Upper Limb Dysfunction After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Motor-Imagery EEG-Based BCIs in Wheelchair Movement and Control: A Systematic Literature Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Pooled it
- Multisensory BCI promotes motor recovery via high-order network-mediated interhemispheric integration in chronic stroke.BMC medicine · 2025Trial
- Closed-loop motor imagery brain-computer interface-assisted training for upper limb rehabilitation after subacute stroke: clinical and electroencephalographic outcomes from a randomized pilot trial.Frontiers in neurologyTrial
- The effect of MI-BCI combined with tDCS in early rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction monitored by resting-state fMRI: the first case report.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Application Mechanisms and Clinical Prospects of Brain-Computer Interface Technology in Radiation-Induced Brain Injury.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Brain-computer interface technology for motor rehabilitation in severe stroke: a narrative review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Brain-computer interface: an update for the clinicians.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
- Neurofeedback and Brain-Computer Interface-Based Methods for Post-stroke Rehabilitation.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2025Review
- Toward Precision Post-Stroke Rehabilitation Medicine: Integrating Molecular, Imaging, and Computational Biomarkers for Functional Outcome Prediction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Recommendations for Combining Brain-Computer Interface, Motor Imagery, and Virtual Reality in Upper Limb Stroke Rehabilitation: Qualitative Participatory Design Study.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies · 2025Article
- Brain-Computer Interfaces for Stroke Motor Rehabilitation.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Neurorehabilitation technologies and functional recovery after brain injury: influence of sex, an integrative review.Frontiers in digital health · 2025Review
- Enhancing mu-ERD through combined robotic assistance and motor imagery: a novel approach for upper limb rehabilitation.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Effects of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation on improving post-stroke upper extremity motor function: a protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- A multiple session dataset of NIRS recordings from stroke patients controlling brain-computer interface.Scientific data · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTraining with brain-computer interface (BCI) technology in the rehabilitation of patients after a stroke is rapidly developing. Numerous RCT investigated the effects of BCI training (BCIT) on recovery of motor and brain function in patients after stroke.
methodsA systematic literature search was performed in Medline, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Cochrane library, and Embase in July 2018 and was repeated in March 2019. RCT or controlled clinical trials that included BCIT for improving motor and brain recovery in patients after a stroke were identified. Data were meta-analysed using the random-effects model. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence (95%CI) and 95% prediction interval (95%PI) were calculated. A meta-regression was performed to evaluate the effects of covariates on the pooled effect-size.
resultsIn total, 14 studies, including 362 patients after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke (cortical, subcortical, 121 females; mean age 53.0+/- 5.8; mean time since stroke onset 15.7+/- 18.2 months) were included. Main motor recovery outcome measure used was the Fugl-Meyer Assessment. Quantitative analysis showed that a BCI training compared to conventional therapy alone in patients after stroke was effective with an SMD of 0.39 (95%CI: 0.17 to 0.62; 95%PI of 0.13 to 0.66) for motor function recovery of the upper extremity. An SMD of 0.41 (95%CI: - 0.29 to 1.12) for motor function recovery of the lower extremity was found. BCI training enhanced brain function recovery with an SMD of 1.11 (95%CI: 0.64 to 1.59; 95%PI ranging from 0.33 to 1.89). Covariates such as training duration, impairment level of the upper extremity, and the combination of both did not show significant effects on the overall pooled estimate.
conclusionThis meta-analysis showed evidence that BCI training added to conventional therapy may enhance motor functioning of the upper extremity and brain function recovery in patients after a stroke. We recommend a standardised evaluation of motor imagery ability of included patients and the assessment of brain function recovery should consider neuropsychological aspects (attention, concentration). Further influencing factors on motor recovery due to BCI technology might consider factors such as age, lesion type and location, quality of performance of motor imagery, or neuropsychological aspects.
trial registrationPROSPERO registration: CRD42018105832 .
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.