ArticleBone2021
Musculoskeletal morbidity following spinal cord injury: A longitudinal cohort study of privately-insured beneficiaries.
Article in Bone, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Electrical stimulation paradigms on muscle quality and bone mineral density after spinal cord injury.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2025Trial
- 101 machine learning algorithms for predicting mortality in critically ill patients with spinal cord injury and sarcopenia: a multi-database study.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Observational
- Comment on 'Increased risk of osteoarthritis in persons with spinal cord injury: a population-based longitudinal follow-up study in Taiwan'.Spinal cord · 2026Article
- Flexor Digitorum Longus Strain in a Spinal Cord Injury Patient: A Case Report of a Rare Diagnosis.Cureus · 2026Article
- Increased risk of osteoarthritis in persons with spinal cord injury: a population-based longitudinal follow-up study in Taiwan.Spinal cord · 2025Article
- Role of Electrically Evoked Muscle Hypertrophy on Spasticity in Persons with Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Risk of Osteoarthritis and Arthroplasty Between Baclofen and Tizanidine: A Target Trial Emulation Study.Clinical drug investigation · 2025Article
- Identifying Likely Incidents of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury and Elevated Risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia: Health Care Cost Institute Data.Topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Incident traumatic spinal cord injury and risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia: longitudinal case and control cohort study.Spinal cord · 2024Article
- Uncovering the shared neuro-immune-related regulatory mechanisms between spinal cord injury and osteoarthritis.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Impact of malnutrition on mortality and neurological recovery of older patients with spinal cord injury.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The shared molecular mechanism of spinal cord injury and sarcopenia: a comprehensive genomics analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Type 2 Diabetes Increases the Risk of Serious and Life-Threatening Conditions Among Adults With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes · 2023Article
- Rehabilitation: Neurogenic Bone Loss after Spinal Cord Injury.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia ameliorates osteoporosis after spinal cord injury through balancing osteoblast and osteoclast activities in rats.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Potentially preventable hospitalizations and use of preventive services among people with multiple sclerosis: Large cohort study, USA.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2022Article
- Article
- Disparities in Morbidity After Spinal Cord Injury Across Insurance Types in the United States.Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes · 2022Article
- Musculoskeletal Morbidity Among Adults Living With Spina Bifida and Cerebral Palsy.Topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitation · 2022Article
- Cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity following spinal cord injury.The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPeople living with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) experience motor, sensory and autonomic impairments that cause musculoskeletal disorders following the injury and that progress throughout lifetime. The range and severity of issues are largely dependent on level and completeness of the injury and preserved function.
objectiveHigh risk of developing musculoskeletal morbidities among individuals after sustaining a traumatic SCI is well known in the clinical setting, however, there is a severe lack of evidence in literature. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of and adjusted hazards for musculoskeletal morbidities among adults with and without SCIs.
methodsPrivately-insured beneficiaries were included if they had an ICD-9-CM diagnostic code for SCI (n = 9081). Adults without SCI were also included (n = 1,474,232). Incidence estimates of common musculoskeletal morbidities (e.g., osteoporosis, sarcopenia, osteoarthritis, fractures, etc.) were compared at 5-years of enrollment. Survival models were used to quantify unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios for incident musculoskeletal morbidities.
resultsAdults living with traumatic SCIs had a higher incidence of any musculoskeletal morbidities (82.4% vs. 47.5%) as compared to adults without SCI, and differences were to a clinically meaningful extent. Survival models demonstrated that adults with SCI had a greater fully-adjusted hazard for any musculoskeletal morbidity (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 2.41; 95%CI: 2.30, 2.52), and all musculoskeletal disorders, and ranged from HR: 1.26 (1.14, 1.39) for rheumatoid arthritis to HR: 7.02 (6.58, 7.49) for pathologic fracture.
conclusionsAdults with SCIs have a significantly higher incidence of and risk for common musculoskeletal morbidities, as compared to adults without SCIs. Efforts are needed to facilitate the development of improved clinical screening algorithms and early interventions to reduce risk of musculoskeletal disease onset/progression in this higher risk population.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.