ArticleNeuropharmacology2021
Demand for fentanyl becomes inelastic following extended access to fentanyl vapor self-administration.
Article in Neuropharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Persistent effects of repeated adolescent and adult heroin vapor inhalation in female Wistar rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Stars2Cells: Astrometric Tracking of Neurons Across Imaging Sessions.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The relationship between duration of access to intravenous oxycodone self-administration, economic demand for oxycodone, and cognition in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- The relationship between duration of access to intravenous oxycodone self-administration, economic demand for oxycodone, and cognition in rats.Research square · 2026Article
- Preclinical abuse potential testing using behavioral economics and drug self-administration demand-curve analysis: A strategy to improve resolution of drug stratification for regulatory control.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- A Challenge To The Assumption That Short- versus Long-Access Groups of Opioid Users Represent Distinct Phenotypes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Demand for heroin in rats: effects of non-drug alternative substitutes and complements.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Escalation of intravenous fentanyl self-administration and assessment of withdrawal behavior in male and female mice.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Reinforcing effects of fentanyl analogs found in illicit drug markets.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- An emerging multi-omic understanding of the genetics of opioid addiction.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- Enhancing translation: A need to leverage complex preclinical models of addictive drugs to accelerate substance use treatment options.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2024Review
- Adult Consequences of Repeated Nicotine Vapor Inhalation in Adolescent Rats.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Hyperactivity Induced By Vapor Inhalation of Nicotine in Male and Female Rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Rats chasing the dragon: A new heroin inhalation method.Journal of neuroscience methods · 2024Article
- Rapid appearance of negative emotion during oral fentanyl self-administration in male and female rats.Addiction biology · 2023Article
- Intermittent-access operant alcohol self-administration promotes binge-like drinking and drinking despite negative consequences in male and female heterogeneous stock rats.Neuropharmacology · 2023Article
- Extended access to fentanyl vapor self-administration leads to addiction-like behaviors in mice: Blood chemokine/cytokine levels as potential biomarkers.Addiction neuroscience · 2023Article
- Effects of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and THC/CBD mixtures on fentanyl versus food choice in rhesus monkeys.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- The long-term effects of repeated heroin vapor inhalation during adolescence on measures of nociception and anxiety-like behavior in adult Wistar rats.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Unique Pharmacology, Brain Dysfunction, and Therapeutic Advancements for Fentanyl Misuse and Abuse.Neuroscience bulletin · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Opioid use disorder imposes great societal harm in the United States and in countries worldwide. Animal models that accurately capture motivational changes that occur in opioid dependence are critical to studying this disorder. The present study used a model of opioid vapor self-administration combined with a behavioral economics approach to determine whether rats would be more motivated to "work" to defend their baseline intake of fentanyl (i.e., more inelastic demand) following sufficiently frequent, intense, and chronic exposure to self-administered vaporized fentanyl. Male rats were allowed to respond for deliveries of 1.5-s of vaporized 10 mg/ml fentanyl solution. Following 15 sessions of short access (ShA; 1 h) vs. long access (LgA; 12 h) to self-administration, we conducted a between-sessions demand curve procedure, and observed significantly more inelastic demand for fentanyl (Essential Value; EV), and increased maximal response output (O
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.