ArticleJournal of medical virology2021
Vaccine design based on 16 epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
Article in Journal of medical virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Designing a multi-epitope vaccine against La Crosse virus using immunoinformatics approach.PloS one · 2026Article
- Design of antibody structure-guided epitope vaccinesJournal of virology · 2025Article
- Engineering Anti-Tumor Immunity: An Immunological Framework for mRNA Cancer Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Immunization with virus-like vesicle-based COVID-19 vaccine induces robust systemic and mucosal immunity.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Immunoinformatics method to design universal multi-epitope nanoparticle vaccine for TGEV S protein.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Gag HIV-1 Virus-like Particles and Extracellular Vesicles Functionalization with Spike Epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 Using a Copper-Free Click Chemistry Approach.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2025Article
- Long COVID - a critical disruption of cholinergic neurotransmission?Bioelectronic medicine · 2025Review
- Intersecting SARS-CoV-2 spike mutations and global vaccine efficacy against COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Novel dual-pathogen multi-epitope mRNA vaccine development for Brucella melitensis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in silico approach.PloS one · 2024Article
- Faradaic Impedimetric Immunosensor for Label-Free Point-of-Care Detection of COVID-19 Antibodies Using Gold-Interdigitated Electrode Array.Biosensors · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein peptides displayed in the Pyrococcus furiosus RAD system preserve epitopes antigenicity, immunogenicity, and virus-neutralizing activity of antibodies.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- An Automated Strategy to Handle Antigenic Variability in Immunisation Protocols, Part II: In Vitro Transcribed mRNA Vector Design for Inoculation Against Infectious Agent Variants.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Designing a multi-epitope vaccine to control porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection using immunoinformatics approaches.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Developing a multi-epitope vaccine candidate to combat porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine deltacoronavirus co-infection by employing an immunoinformatics approach.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- The Advantage of Using Immunoinformatic Tools on Vaccine Design and Development for Coronavirus.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Mapping Potential Vaccine Candidates Predicted by VaxiJen for Different Viral Pathogens between 2017-2021-A Scoping Review.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Utility of in silico-identified-peptides in spike-S1 domain and nucleocapsid of SARS-CoV-2 for antibody detection in COVID-19 patients and antibody production.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
- Consensus Enolase ofLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) urgently requires an effective vaccine for prevention. In this study, 66 epitopes containing pentapeptides of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the IEDB database were compared with the amino acid sequence of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and 66 potentially immune-related peptides of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were obtained. Based on the single-nucleotide polymorphisms analysis of spike protein of 1218 SARS-CoV-2 isolates, 52 easily mutated sites were identified and used for vaccine epitope screening. The best vaccine candidate epitopes in the 66 peptides of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were screened out through mutation and immunoinformatics analysis. The best candidate epitopes were connected by different linkers in silico to obtain vaccine candidate sequences. The results showed that 16 epitopes were relatively conservative, immunological, nontoxic, and nonallergenic, could induce the secretion of cytokines, and were more likely to be exposed on the surface of the spike protein. They were both B- and T-cell epitopes, and could recognize a certain number of HLA molecules and had high coverage rates in different populations. Moreover, epitopes 897-913 were predicted to have possible cross-immunoprotection for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. The results of vaccine candidate sequences screening suggested that sequences (without linker, with linker GGGSGGG, EAAAK, GPGPG, and KK, respectively) were the best. The proteins translated by these sequences were relatively stable, with a high antigenic index and good biological activity. Our study provided vaccine candidate epitopes and sequences for the research of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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