ArticlePloS one2020
High level of HIV false positives using EIA-based algorithm in survey: Importance of confirmatory testing.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Performance of national HIV testing algorithms in 14 Population-based HIV Impact Assessment surveys: accuracy of HIV diagnosis using a two-test strategy, with or without a tie-breaker test, in different prevalence settings, 2015-2022.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
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- HIV testing algorithm using fourth generation reagents reduces the false positive rate of screening tests.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- DETECTION OF NEW HIV CASES UNDER EPIDEMIC CONTROL - WHEN IS IT THE RIGHT TIME TO REVIEW HIV TESTING ALGORITHMS FOR COUNTRIES NEARING THE 95-95-95 MILESTONES? CASE STUDY -BOTSWANA.African journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Development of a Bead-Based Multiplex Assay for Use in Multianalyte Screening and Surveillance of HIV, Viral Hepatitis, Syphilis, and Herpes.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2022Article
- Performance evaluation of the Asante Rapid Recency Assay for verification of HIV diagnosis and detection of recent HIV-1 infections: Implications for epidemic control.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Assessment of HIV Rapid Test Kits Inventory Management Practice and Challenges in Public Health Facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Integrated pharmacy research & practice · 2022Article
- Evaluation of serological assays for the diagnosis of HIV infection in adults.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2021Article
- A Comprehensive Approach to Assuring Quality of Laboratory Testing in HIV Surveys: Lessons Learned From the Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment Project.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2021Article
- Comparative study of the prevalence of HIV using the third- and fourth-generation HIV ELISA in blood donors in South India.Asian journal of transfusion scienceArticle
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The Mozambique Indicators of Immunization, Malaria and HIV/AIDS (IMASIDA) survey was conducted in 2015 and used a two Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) (Vironostika HIV-1/2 and Murex HIV-1/2) based algorithm to determine the HIV status of the consented participants. The Mozambique Ministry of Health, with support from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC), added Bio-Rad Geenius™ HIV-1/2 Supplemental Assay to the IMASIDA HIV testing algorithm to confirm all specimens that were found to be reactive on one or both EIAs. In total 11690 specimens were collected to estimate the proportion of HIV positive samples. Results indicate that the proportion of HIV positive samples based on the concordant positive results of two EIA assays was 21.5% (2518/11690). The addition of the Geenius assay to the IMASIDA HIV testing algorithm demonstrated that 792 (31.5%) of 2518 specimens were false-positive and reduced the proportion of HIV positive samples to 14.7% (1722/11690), demonstrating the importance of including a highly specific HIV test to confirm HIV diagnosis. HIV surveys exclusively based on EIA testing algorithm may result in misleading high prevalence results. Our results demonstrate that more specific confirmatory testing should be added to the EIA-based algorithms to ensure accurate HIV diagnosis and correct HIV prevalence estimate in cross-sectional surveys.
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