ReviewAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2021
Retinal imaging in Alzheimer's and neurodegenerative diseases.
Review in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 190 citations in OpenAlex.
- Visual field defects in dementia: A scoping review.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Pooled it
- Diagnosing neurodegenerative disorders using retina as an external window: A systematic review of OCT-MRI correlations.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review on Retinal Biomarkers to Diagnose Dementia from OCT/OCTA Images.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2023Pooled it
- Distinct ocular microvascular alterations in Alzheimer's disease and cerebral small vessel disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Retinitis pigmentosa elicits neurodegeneration within the visual pathway in REEP6 knockout mice.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Dynamic brain connectivity patterns induced by oxytocin: An fMRI Co-Activation pattern analysis study.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Eye as a Window to Neurodegeneration: Oxidative Stress, Optic Nerve Vulnerability, and Retinal Biomarkers-A Scoping Review.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Sex-specific retina-brain signatures link ERα/ERβ imbalance with gliosis in Alzheimer's disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- An Ensemble Learning Artificial Intelligence Model for Alzheimer's Disease Detection Using OCT.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Identification of Chlamydia pneumoniae and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in Alzheimer's disease retina.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The enigma of vascular dementia: current state and emerging perspectives.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Unveiling the Physiological Correlates of Cognitive Function in Healthy Adults: An In-Depth Investigation Using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT).Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Oculomics: advances and perspectives from traditional Chinese medicine to modern multimodal biomarkers.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Distinct cellular localization of α- synuclein and β-synuclein in the chick retina.Brain structure & function · 2025Article
- Retinal Neurovascular Coupling: From Mechanisms to a Diagnostic Window into Brain Disorders.Cells · 2025Review
- Using retinal diagnostics as a biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases: protocol for a systematic review.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Discerning Amyloid‑β and Tau Pathologies with Learning-Based Quantum Sensing.ACS photonics · 2025Article
- Retinal imaging and tissue analysis for frontotemporal degeneration: recent advances and challenges for biomarker development.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Review
- Retinal vascular dysfunction in the MthfrAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- HSV-1 Infection in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells: A Possible Contribution to Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Viruses · 2025Review
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 16 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In the last 20 years, research focused on developing retinal imaging as a source of potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, has increased significantly. The Alzheimer's Association and the Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment, Disease Monitoring editorial team (companion journal to Alzheimer's & Dementia) convened an interdisciplinary discussion in 2019 to identify a path to expedite the development of retinal biomarkers capable of identifying biological changes associated with AD, and for tracking progression of disease severity over time. As different retinal imaging modalities provide different types of structural and/or functional information, the discussion reflected on these modalities and their respective strengths and weaknesses. Discussion further focused on the importance of defining the context of use to help guide the development of retinal biomarkers. Moving from research to context of use, and ultimately to clinical evaluation, this article outlines ongoing retinal imaging research today in Alzheimer's and other brain diseases, including a discussion of future directions for this area of study.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.