ArticleHealth education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education2020
Older Black Americans During COVID-19: Race and Age Double Jeopardy.
Article in Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions to Reduce Hospital Readmissions in Older African Americans: A Systematic Review of Studies Including African American Patients.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Pooled it
- Main social vulnerability indicators in the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Social vulnerability indicators in pandemics focusing on COVID-19: A systematic literature review.Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.) · 2022Pooled it
- Association of everyday discrimination with health outcomes among Asian and non-Asian US older adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2022Trial
- What are 40 Acres and a Mule Worth in the Twenty-First Century? A Rapid Review of Modern Reparative Initiatives to Address Socioeconomic and Health Inequality Among Black Americans.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Review
- COVID-19 Impact on Health Behaviors and Survey Engagement in Older African Americans: Longitudinal Cohort Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Observational
- Intersectionality and the Association Between State-Level Structural Racism, Binge Alcohol Consumption, and Smoking Status Among Black Americans.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Weathering the STORM and Forecasting Equity for Older Black Women: Expanding Social Determinants of Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Radical Imagination: An Afrofuturism and Creative Aging Program for Black Women's Brain Health and Wellness.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Resilience Amidst Adversity: Experiences of Black Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic.The Gerontologist · 2025Article
- The impact of syndemic burden, age, and sexual minority status on internalized HIV stigma among people living with HIV in South Florida.Journal of health psychology · 2025Article
- The Worst of Times: Depressive Symptoms Among Racialized Groups Living With Dementia and Cognitive Impairment During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of aging and health · 2024Article
- The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Staffing Levels in Philadelphia Nursing Homes: Disparities Based on the Racial Composition of Geographical Areas.Policy, politics & nursing practice · 2024Article
- Social connectedness in older Urban African-American adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: the roles of education and partnership.Aging & mental health · 2024Article
- The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Black and Hispanic Americans' Work Outcomes: a Scoping Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Mitigating the affective and cognitive consequences of social exclusion: an integrative data analysis of seven social disconnection interventions.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Racial Differences in Feelings of Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic and John Henryism Active Coping in the United States: Results from a National Survey.Social science quarterly · 2024Article
- The effects of social support and self-efficacy on hopefulness in low-income older adults during COVID-19 pandemic.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Theorizing "Place" in Aging in Place: The Need for Territorial and Relational Perspectives.The Gerontologist · 2024Article
- An in-person and technology-implemented holistic health promotion program for older Black adults in low-income communities.Journal of the National Medical Association · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The concept of "double jeopardy"-being both older and Black-describes how racism and ageism together shape higher risks for coronavirus exposure, COVID-19 disease, and poor health outcomes for older Black adults. Black people and older adults are the two groups most affected by COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Double jeopardy, as a race- and age-informed analysis, demonstrates how Black race and older age are associated with practices and policies that shape key life circumstances (e.g., racial residential segregation, family and household composition) and resources in ways that embody elevated risk for COVID-19. The concept of double jeopardy underscores long-standing race- and age-based inequities and social vulnerabilities that produce devastating COVID-19 related deaths and injuries for older Black adults. Developing policies and actions that address race- and age-based inequities and social vulnerabilities can lower risks and enhance protective factors to ensure the health of older Black Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.