ArticleVirchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology2021
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte abundance and programmed death-ligand 1 expression in metaplastic breast carcinoma: implications for distinct immune microenvironments in different metaplastic components.
Article in Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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16 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of perioperative pembrolizumab for triple-negative breast cancer with apocrine feature or metaplastic carcinoma.The oncologist · 2026Article
- Predictors of response to neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy in metaplastic triple-negative breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- Metaplastic carcinoma of breast with heterologous mesenchymal differentiation (carcinosarcoma) having an endothelial component: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Article
- Promising Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Plus Immunotherapy in Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2025Article
- Translational Aspects in Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma.Cancers · 2024Review
- Evaluation of immune density, PD-L1, and CXCR4 expressions in metaplastic breast carcinoma to predict potential immunotherapy benefit.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2023Article
- Metaplastic Breast Cancer: Current Understanding and Future Directions.Clinical breast cancer · 2023Review
- Transcriptomic alterations underlying metaplasia into specific metaplastic components in metaplastic breast carcinoma.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2023Article
- Article
- Pathological classification of desmoplastic reaction is prognostic factor in cervical adenocarcinoma.Medical molecular morphology · 2022Article
- Combined Positive Score for Programmed Death Ligand-1 Expression and Inflammatory Microenvironment in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Partial Response After Toripalimab Plus Anlotinib for Advanced Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma: A Case Report.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- The tale of TILs in breast cancer: A report from The International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group.NPJ breast cancer · 2021Review
- Poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in metaplastic breast carcinoma.NPJ breast cancer · 2021Article
- Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Immune Response in Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- An Update on the Molecular Pathology of Metaplastic Breast Cancer.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2021Review
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7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Both stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) affect responses to immunotherapy; however, the extent of sTIL and PD-L1 expression within various metaplastic components in metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC), which are critical for the characterization of immune microenvironments, remains unreported. We profiled sTIL infiltration and PD-L1 expression in different metaplastic components of specimens from 82 MBC patients. The overall positivity for high or intermediate (H/I) sTIL, immune cell-PD-L1 (IcPD-L1), and tumor cell-PD-L1 (TcPD-L1) was 34.1%, 47.6%, and 17.1%, respectively, but differences specific to MBC subtypes and each metaplastic component existed. Squamous cell carcinoma exhibited the highest positivity rates of sTIL(H/I) (50.0%) and IcPD-L1 (66.7%), while matrix-producing carcinoma had the lowest respective rates (14.3% and 28.6%). The positivity rates of sTIL(H/I) and IcPD-L1 were the highest in squamous component (Sq) and the lowest in chondroid component (Ch). All cases that had discordant sTIL categories between carcinoma of no special type (NST) and metaplastic components showed sTIL(H/I) positivity higher in Sq, but lower in spindled component (Sp) and Ch. While there was no pattern of higher IcPD-L1-positivity in Sp, six of the seven cases that were TcPD-L1-discordant between NST and Sp were TcPD-L1-positive in Sp, suggesting a trend for higher TcPD-L1 in Sp. The diagnostic predictability of total tumor IcPD-L1 positivity based on IcPD-L1 positivity in Sq and Ch was 95.2% and 33.3%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that sTIL(H/I) positivity, but not PD-L1 positivity, correlated with better survival. Our data implicate distinct immune microenvironments in different metaplastic components in MBC, which may have immunopathologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic significance.
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